剑桥雅思 18 Test 1 听力 Section 4(学术讲座,笔记填空,题号 31–40),话题:大象迁移(Elephant translocation)。 以下逐题对照原文拆解。
一、题型与结构总览
| 维度 | 本段特征 |
|---|---|
| 题型 | 笔记填空(Note/Table Completion),全部 10 题,多数为原文原词 |
| 结构 | 按"原因 → 问题 → 迁移过程(步骤链) → 好处"的讲座逻辑线性展开 |
| 话题 | 动物保护 / 生态学,Section 4 典型学术独白 |
| 答案形态 | 名词占绝对多数(31–40 几乎全名词),单复数敏感 |
二、逐题对照:题干 ↔ 原文 ↔ 答案 ↔ 陷阱
| 题号 | 题干 | 原文定位句 | 答案 | 陷阱 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | damage to ___ | "Elephants were routinely knocking down fences… repaired at a significant cost" | fences | 同义替换:damage to = knocking down |
| 32 | same ___ | "Because relationships are very important to elephants, they all had to be moved at the same time" | family | 逻辑推理 + 改写 |
| 33 | made use of ___ | "A team of vets and park rangers flew over the park in helicopters" | helicopters | 动词定位:made use of = flew over in |
| 34 | to reduce ___ | "as quickly as possible so as to minimise the stress caused" | stress | 同义替换:reduce = minimise |
| 35 | turned on their ___ | "all the elephants had to be placed on their sides" | sides | 原词回填,注意复数 |
| 36 | ___ had to be monitored | "very important to keep an eye on their breathing" | breathing | 同义替换:monitored = keep an eye on |
| 37 | size of tusks and ___ | "Measurements… of each elephant's tusks… and also of their feet" | feet | 并列结构,and also 后接第二个答案 |
| 38 | ___ was taken / opportunities | "Employment prospects have improved enormously" | employment | 同义替换:opportunities = prospects |
| 39 | reduction in poachers and ___ | "former poachers… volunteered to give up their weapons" | weapons | 并列 + 语义推理 |
| 40 | increase ___ as contributor to GDP | "a big draw for tourism, which contributes… to GDP" | tourism | 因果链:draw → tourism → GDP |
三、出题规律(这 10 题反复出现的模式)
规律 1:答案是"名词原词",但定位靠同义替换。 10 题里几乎全部答案词在原文原样出现(fences / stress / sides / feet / tourism…),但题干全部换了一种说法。 真正考的是"听懂改写",不是"听懂原词"。
规律 2:按讲座逻辑链条出题,顺序严格。 原因 → 问题 → 过程(选群→直升机→麻醉→翻身→监测→测量→运输)→ 效果。 答案是链条上的节点名词,听的时候跟着动词走就能踩点。
规律 3:定位词 = 专有名词 / 动作链。 Majete National Park、Nkhotakota Wildlife Park、vets、trucks、matriarchs 等专有名词是天然定位锚点; 每个答案前都有一个动作动词信号(flew over / placed on / keep an eye on / took measurements),动词先到,名词答案随后。
规律 4:同义替换的高频套路。 reduce = minimise(34)、damage to = knocking down(31)、monitored = keep an eye on(36)、opportunities = prospects(38)。 答案就在替换词的宾语位置。
规律 5:并列结构与 "and also" 是双答案陷阱。
37(tusks and feet)、39(poachers and weapons)都是两个名词并列,只抓第一个必漏第二个。
听到 and / also / plus / as well as 要立刻警觉后面还有答案。
四、五类陷阱
陷阱 1:同义替换 ≠ 原词对应(最大陷阱)。 31 题题干 "damage to ___" 在原文根本没有 damage 这个词——原文用的是 "knocking down"。 若等 "damage" 出现,整段就错过了。
陷阱 2:答案前置 / 后置干扰。
- 36 题答案 breathing 后面紧跟数字陷阱("fewer than six breaths per minute → urgent medical attention"), 考完 breathing 之后的一整句都是干扰,若分心去听数字就丢分;
- 40 题答案 tourism 藏在 "a big draw for tourism, which contributes five times more than the illegal wildlife trade to GDP" 这个长难句中间,前后都是修饰成分。
陷阱 3:题干名词化改写。
- 34 题题干 "to reduce ___" 对应原文 "so as to minimise the stress caused"——动词变名词;
- 38 题 "___ was taken" 对应 "Employment prospects have improved"——名词化。
听到
-ment / -tion结尾的抽象名词要特别敏感。
陷阱 4:需要"推理 + 总结"的题(32)。 原文没有直接说 family,只有 "relationships are very important… moved at the same time"。 必须推理出"关系紧密 = 同一家族"。这类题是 Section 4 的拉分点。
陷阱 5:并列双答案与复数。 37 / 39 的并列陷阱;单复数上,35 题 sides、37 题 feet 都是复数,漏写或写错形式直接扣分。
五、拿这节怎么练
- 五步训练法走一遍:第一遍盲听速写动词链 → 第二遍做题 → 第三遍看原文找同义替换 → 跟读。重点看 31 / 34 / 36 / 38 四处改写。
- 动词链写出来:
knock down → move → fly over → dart → place on → keep an eye on → measure → load → transport,答案全部挂在动词后面。 - 并列信号词专项:全篇划出 and / also / plus / as well as,每个后面都可能是答案(37、39 直接命中)。
- 答案词性预判:拿到题目先看空格前后的介词和动词,预判名词单复数(31 fences、35 sides、37 feet 都能提前判断复数)。
- 积累同义替换词对:minimise ↔ reduce;knocking down ↔ damage;keep an eye on ↔ monitor;prospects ↔ opportunities;draw ↔ attract。