语法：长难句、介词、时态语态、非谓语（课 24 / 26 / 43 / 44 / 46 / 47 / 62）
一、长难句分析（课 26 / 75）
一个句子有几个谓语动词，就有几个分句。
分析步骤： 1. 先找动词 / be 动词（不要一个字一个字翻译） 2. 再找并列连词（but / so / and / because / while / although） 3. 再找介词短语（是状语还是定语） 4. 主干出来，修饰剥离
例：
The belief that technology can solve household problems, which is widely held by consumers who grew up with smart devices, has been challenged by recent studies.主干 = The belief has been challenged；that 从句（同位语）+which 从句（非限定）+who 从句（定语）。
英语句子的表达习惯（课 24）： 分层次说，跳跃性不强、逻辑性很强。状语/定语剥离主干，各归其位。
二、介词 to：唯一性、指向性、外部性（课 24）
- 唯一性：
the key to the door（专配这把锁）/the answer to the question/the solution to the problem/the approach to the city/the reaction to the news/the entrance to the building - 指向性：
flight to Paris/road to success/the third to your left（方向） - 外部性（创造出来的关系）：
a bridge to…（两个独立物之间的连接） - 辨析：
access to the building（指向入口）vsaccess in the building（在里面）
三、时态与语态（课 46 / 62 / 68）
现在完成时（have done）：
- 表示"从过去持续到现在，并且还在继续"：I've been away from home for too long.
- have been doing：I've been busy with my final exams lately.
- 过去式 vs 完成时：
- I took one thousand orders yesterday.（过去时间点）
- I've taken 100 orders.（持续到现在）
过去完成 / 情态表虚拟（课 54）：
- If I could've gone back in time, I would've read more books. / I could've gone back in time.
被动语态（课 47 / 68）：
- a plan agreed upon by both parties（agreed = 分词，非谓语）
- the park was dug up and planted with vegetables
- 分身的非谓语：有本体的一定能力但"不是本体"，同时修饰名词：plan / agreed upon by both parties；McFlurry / topped with Oreo；sauce / dotted with cilantro
四、非谓语（课 47 / 45）
- 不定式表目的：
open the window to let my mind wander/I use my oven to cook a roasted chicken↔I cook a roasted chicken using my oven（分词做状语） - 现在分词做伴随/定语：
a girl dancing on the stage/She enjoys the sunlight, listening to music - 过去分词做后置定语：
a cover that goes round an egg=a cover going round an egg
五、动词用法专题（课 45 / 79）
用动词做"跳跃"（课 45）：
记句子动词链，逻辑自然浮现。例（Engineering Workshops）：
design → goes → drop → break。听力/口语都按动词串推进。
get 的一词多义（课 79）：
- 使役：get sb to do sth（get my mom to teach me；get this oven fixed）
- 到达：get to school at 7 / get home
- 变得：I'm getting tired / the food's getting cold / I'm getting a bit chubby
- 懂得：I didn't get why people like sweeping, but now I get it.
- 短语：get along with 相处 / get over 克服 / get through 熬过 / get rid of 摆脱 / get hungry / got this one from TikTok
make / do / take：
- make sb do sth / make sth + adj（makes me wanna stay in my kitchen）
- do sth to do sth（take part in a competition to build the tallest tower）
六、主谓宾补与"句子提起来放下去"（课 44）
- 名词从句"提起来"：
The fact that the mirror is not only a tool for checking my outfit but also a bridge for self-reflection is mind-blowing.（太重的从句放句尾 = "放下去"） - 口语中常用：
What I'm trying to say is…把复杂信息"装进"名词从句里 - 宾语补足：
I find it fascinating to be completely cut off while working on my projects.
七、易错点清单（来自批改）
other's → others（复数所有格）instead of + doing（instead of the former thinking and getting trapped in just one question）- 标点：逗号不能连接两个完整句子，需要连词或句号
- 冠词：
a / the注意特指 - 主谓一致：
The percentage of people who never ate fast food was…