📌 这节课讲了什么
两件事:
- 阅读精读 17-1-3:Charles Spencer 的书 To Catch a King —— 查理二世在伍斯特战败后六周的逃亡(抓国王)。练了选词摘要填空(27–31)、YES / NO / NOT GIVEN(32–35)、四选一(36–40)。
- 口语:房间场景描述。用一张工作台的照片,练"先说名词,再用 where there are 铺开细节,最后用伴随状语 doing 收尾"的描述顺序。
阅读部分反复出现的动作还是那三步:抓题干关键词 → 回原文找根据 → 圈出对应。板书上"did a deal with the Scots"几个大字,就是 27 题的根据。
📝 17-1-3 精读:To Catch a King
文章讲什么:
- Charles Spencer 的新书 To Catch a King 讲的是 1651 年 9 月伍斯特战役惨败后,查理二世被追捕的那六个星期。
- 他父亲 1649 年被议会军处死;为了当上苏格兰国王,年轻的查理二世放弃了他父亲为之而死的一条原则,和苏格兰人做了一笔交易(did a deal with the Scots),接受长老会教义为国教。这是一支苏格兰人对英格兰的入侵。
- 两方在伍斯特对垒,查理二世的军队被议会军彻底击败;21 岁的国王成了全国追捕的对象,悬赏金额巨大。此后六周,他靠一连串惊险逃脱躲开议会军,最后逃往法国避难;之后九年,这位身无分文的败军之王只带着一小群忠诚追随者在欧洲游荡。
- 书的好处之一是读者离现场特别近("just how close the reader gets to the action"):逐日重述逃亡者的行踪,细节"delicious"——用农用大剪刀剪掉国王的长发、用核桃叶把他的苍白皮肤染深、还有他躺在 Boscobel 林子里大橡树的树枝上,议会军士兵在下面搜林子。Spencer 一边写幽默(朋友 Henry Wilmot 拒绝伪装,理由是有失尊严),一边写情感张力(国王藏在谁家,要小心翼翼地透露给支持者)。
- 第四章的不舒服的真相:几乎所有人都谴责处死他父亲,但没人欢迎他带着苏格兰军队回来——大家把门闩死了。一部分因为他骑在"像外国入侵军"的队伍前头,一部分因为打了近十年内战,人们怕再来一次。也正因如此,他自己那么爱这个故事就更耐人寻味:他后来搞了一堆纪念动作 —— 新的骑士团"Knights of the Royal Oak"、一批巨幅油画、1660 年请画家 John Michael Wright 在卧室天花板上画小天使托着橡树飞上天空。板书批注:很难想象还有哪个国王会这么热情地纪念自己人生的最低点。
- 第五章写作者本人:Charles Spencer 是讲这个故事的最佳人选 —— 文笔轻快好读(pacey, readable prose)、避开现代腔调、把细节写得活;对逃亡的国王和追捕他的共和政权都保持不偏不倚的同情(even-handed sympathy);他还比之前写这个题材的书挖了更多背景,书的前三分之一都在讲查理二世怎么会落到伍斯特。
- 最后一章:全书留下的最大问题是"这一切到底意味着什么" —— 如果这六周没发生,他会是不同的国王吗?这本"没有完全说到点上"(doesn't quite hit the mark):书里把他晚年写成一个无能的、贪图享乐的君主,没有公平地对待这个人,也不准确。但瑕不掩瑜,这本书仍然是一本极好的读物。
🧱 方法:选词摘要填空怎么做(27–31)
词库 A–J:
| A military innovation | B large reward | C widespread conspiracy |
|---|---|---|
| D relative safety | E new government | F decisive victory |
| G political debate | H strategic alliance | I popular solution |
| J religious conviction |
板书的做法:先把词库的中文意思过一遍(板书写了 同盟 给 H strategic alliance,写了 辩论 给 G political debate),再回原文一句一句找对应。
摘要(The story behind the hunt for Charles II)与根据:
| 空 | 摘要 | 回原文找根据 |
|---|---|---|
| 27 | Charles II then formed a ___ with the Scots | 板书大字:did a deal with the Scots → H strategic alliance |
| 28 | he abandoned an important ___ that was held by his father and had contributed to his father's death | 原文:sacrificed one of the very principles his father had died for ... accepting Presbyterianism as the national religion → J religious conviction |
| 29 | The battle led to a ___ for the Parliamentarians | 原文:After being comprehensively defeated ... / his resounding defeat at the Battle of Worcester → F decisive victory |
| 30 | A ___ was offered for Charles's capture | 原文:with a huge sum offered for his capture → B large reward |
| 31 | he eventually managed to reach the ___ of continental Europe | 原文:before seeking refuge in France → D relative safety |
发现没有:每个空的答案,原文里都有"同一件事的另一种说法"。 这就是选词填空的全部秘密。
📝 判断题 32–35(YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)
规则(板书记录):YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer;NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer;NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this。
| 题号 | 题干 | 板书 |
|---|---|---|
| 32 | Charles chose Pepys for the task because he considered him to be trustworthy. | 手写 NG |
| 33 | Charles's personal recollection of the escape lacked sufficient detail. | |
| 34 | Charles indicated to Pepys that he had planned his escape before the battle. | 手写 NO |
| 35 | The inclusion of Charles's account is a positive aspect of the book. |
板书的圈画:32 圈了 Pepys;34 圈了 he had planned his escape before the battle —— 圈的都是"要回原文核对的那件事"。
📝 选择题 36–40
| 题号 | 题目 | 答案 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 | What is the reviewer's main purpose in the first paragraph? A to describe what happened during the Battle of Worcester B to give an account of the circumstances leading to Charles II's escape C to provide details of the Parliamentarians' political views D to compare Charles II's beliefs with those of his father | B |
| 37 | Why does the reviewer include examples of the fugitives' behaviour in the third paragraph? A to explain how close Charles II came to losing his life B to suggest that Charles II's supporters were badly prepared C to illustrate how the events of the six weeks are brought to life D to argue that certain aspects are not as well known as they should be | C |
| 38 | What point does the reviewer make about Charles II in the fourth paragraph? A He chose to celebrate what was essentially a defeat. B He misunderstood the motives of his opponents. C He aimed to restore people's faith in the monarchy. D He was driven by a desire to be popular. | A |
| 39 | What does the reviewer say about Charles Spencer in the fifth paragraph? A His decision to write the book comes as a surprise. B He takes an unbiased approach to the subject matter. C His descriptions of events would be better if they included more detail. D He chooses language that is suitable for a twenty-first-century audience. | B |
| 40 | When the reviewer says the book "doesn't quite hit the mark", she is making the point that A it overlooks the impact of events on ordinary people. B it lacks an analysis of prevalent views on monarchy. C it omits any references to the deceit practised by Charles II during his time in hiding. D it fails to address whether Charles II's experiences had a lasting influence. | D |
每题的关键对应:
- 36 → B:第一段给的就是背景 —— 父亲被杀、与苏格兰人做交易、伍斯特战败、全国追捕。板书在 B 选项上画了圈。
- 37 → C:第三段那些细节(剪头发、核桃叶、橡树)是为了把六周里的事写活;板书在 C 选项上画圈,把 "the events of the six weeks are brought to life" 框了出来。
- 38 → A:第四段 —— 他把人生最低点当庆祝题材("marking the lowest point in their life so enthusiastically"),板书圈 A "He chose to celebrate what was essentially a defeat"。
- 39 → B:第五段 —— "even-handed sympathy for both the fugitive king and the fierce republican regime",板书手写 B。
- 40 → D:最后一段的核心问题 "Would Charles II have been a different king had these six weeks never happened?" —— 书没回答"这段经历有没有长久影响",板书标 D。
🔁 原文对应核对
| 原文 | 题目里的改写 |
|---|---|
| sacrificed one of the very principles his father had died for ... accepting Presbyterianism as the national religion | abandoned an important religious conviction |
| comprehensively defeated ... his resounding defeat | decisive victory (for the Parliamentarians) |
| a huge sum offered for his capture | a large reward |
| seeking refuge in France | relative safety |
| The day-by-day retelling of the fugitives' doings provides delicious details | the events of the six weeks are brought to life |
| hard to imagine many other kings marking the lowest point in their life so enthusiastically | He chose to celebrate what was essentially a defeat |
| He has even-handed sympathy for both the fugitive king and the fierce republican regime | He takes an unbiased approach to the subject matter |
| The tantalising question left ... Would Charles II have been a different king had these six weeks never happened? ... the book doesn't quite hit the mark | it fails to address whether Charles II's experiences had a lasting influence |
🧱 框架:房间场景描述(口语)
板书上摆了一张工作台的照片,做"描述一个房间/场景"的训练。顺序是三层:
- 先给名词 + 总印象:a futuristic(有未来感的)workstation
- 用 where there are 铺开"里面有什么":a futuristic workstation where there are high-end computer monitors glowing with code
- 用伴随状语 doing 收尾:... making the space look like a tech center
板书把 where there are 单独写成大字并划线,把 where 圈起来 —— 这是这个框架的支点:名词后面用 where there are 挂细节,细节后面用 doing 挂结果。
照片上板书标出的物件(描述时按这个顺序点):
- high-end computer monitor — 高端显示器
- glowing with code — 屏幕上闪着代码(glow = 发光)
- a mechanical keyboard — 机械键盘
- ergonomic chair 人体工学椅
- all arranged with precision — 全部摆得整整齐齐
- 伴随状语:making the space look like a tech center(让这个空间看起来像科技中心)
窗外/环境的对比也给了两个词:modern building or traditional building(现代建筑还是传统建筑)—— 描述窗外景色时二选一即可。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| resounding defeat | 惨败 | his resounding defeat at the Battle of Worcester |
| execute | 处死 | executed by the Parliamentarian forces |
| do a deal with | 与……做交易 | did a deal with the Scots |
| Presbyterianism | 长老会教义 | accepting Presbyterianism as the national religion |
| be crowned | 加冕 | in return for being crowned King of Scots |
| manhunt | 追捕 | the subject of a national manhunt |
| evade | 躲开 | evade the Parliamentarians |
| seek refuge | 避难 | seeking refuge in France |
| penniless | 一文不名的 | the penniless and defeated Charles |
| fugitive | 逃亡者 | the fugitives' doings |
| agricultural shears | 农用大剪刀 | the cutting of the king's long hair with agricultural shears |
| dye | 染色 | walnut leaves to dye his pale skin |
| scour | 搜索、扫荡 | soldiers scoured the forest floor below |
| preposterous | 荒谬的 | the preposterous refusal of Charles's friend |
| beneath his dignity | 有失尊严 | on the grounds that it was beneath his dignity |
| emotional tension | 情感张力 | Spencer draws out both the humour and the emotional tension |
| bolt their doors | 闩门(拒之门外) | had instead firmly bolted their doors |
| civil war | 内战 | after almost a decade of civil war |
| memorialise | 纪念 | a series of initiatives to memorialise it |
| order of chivalry | 骑士团 | a new order of chivalry, the Knights of the Royal Oak |
| commission | 委托(创作) | commissioned the artist John Michael Wright |
| bedchamber | 卧室 | the ceiling of his bedchamber |
| pacey | 节奏轻快的 | his pacey, readable prose |
| steer clear of | 避开 | steers deftly clear of modern idioms |
| even-handed | 不偏不倚的 | even-handed sympathy for both sides |
| regime | 政权 | the fierce republican regime |
| niggle | 小瑕疵 | this one niggle aside |
| treat in store | 有待享用的好东西 | they will find they have a treat in store |
| futuristic | 有未来感的 | a futuristic workstation |
| high-end | 高端的 | high-end computer monitors |
| glow | 发光 | glowing with code; glow |
| ergonomic | 人体工学的 | ergonomic chair |
| with precision | 精确地 | all arranged with precision |
| tech-savvy | 懂技术的 | look like a tech center for a tech-savvy ... |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
- 选词填空先读词库、再看空。 板书上把 H 标成"同盟"、G 标成"辩论",先有中文印象,回原文时对上的速度快得多。
- NOT GIVEN 靠"有没有事实"。 32 与 34 的差别就在原文有没有这件事:原文没说的,才判 NG。
- 选择题的答案,永远对应到某半句原文。 40 题的 "doesn't quite hit the mark" 指的就是上一句 "The tantalising question left..." —— 上下文两句之内必有根据。
- 口语描述先名词、再 where there are、再 doing。 顺序别倒;细节按"屏幕—键盘—椅子—整体"一个个点,最后用伴随状语收束。对比词(modern or traditional)留给窗外。
