📌 这节课讲了什么
这节课的主线是一个词:entrench(使扎根、根深蒂固)。
- 先把它放进 P2 话题 Describe an important river in your country —— 讲长江和三峡大坝,讲它怎么"扎"进中国人的生活;
- 再把它抽成模板:be highly entrenched in —— 凡是"某个观念 / 文化 / 价值深深存在于某个系统里",都可以用它说;
- 顺带练了两个句式:It was ___ that ___ 强调句,和 What motivates ___ to ___ is often a deep-seated desire for ___;
- 最后用一道 P3 题 Why do some people not consider environmental issues serious? 练「观点 + 归因」的展开。
板书上出现的每一句 entrench,都是这个"扎根"意思的不同侧面。
📖 核心词:entrench
entrench = 使……扎根、使……根深蒂固。它讲的是观念怎么在一个人、一个社会里"长住下来"。
板书给了一组可以互相替换的说法:
| 表达 | 中文 | 板书原句 |
|---|---|---|
| be highly entrenched in | 深深扎根于 | cultural values are highly entrenched in food and agricultural systems worldwide. |
| be deeply entrenched in | 根深蒂固地存在于 | the idea of people relying on water system is deeply entrenched in an agricultural-led society. |
| be deeply rooted in | 扎根于 | deeply rooted in food |
| entrench an idea of | 让……的观念扎下根 | which entrenched an idea of how important it is |
注意 entrench 后面跟的宾语。 板书上跟的是一个观念:entrenched an idea of how important it is to have water lifeline... —— 所以它做的事是「让某个观念扎下根」,不是让某样具体的东西扎下根。
把它放进句子里的模板:
[ 某个东西 ] + be highly entrenched in + [ 某个领域 / 系统 ]
板书上的三句示范:
three gorges dam are highly entrenched in
traditional food is highly entrenched in
deeply rooted in food
旁边配的角色词(和 entrench 一起用的是这几个):
- pivotal role(关键作用)
- critical role(关键作用)
这几个词在板书上是画在一起的,意思是一句话里可以先说"某物深深扎根",再补一句"它起着关键作用"。
板书画了三个圈:习俗、文化、精神上 —— entrench 讲的"根深蒂固",扎的就是这几层。
🧱 结构:长江 / 三峡大坝这一段怎么搭
先看板书给出的地点与身份:
- 长江 = Yangtze River
- 三峡大坝 = Three Gorges Dam
- 起源 = originates(发源)、plateau(高原)
- 长度:stretch over 6300 kilometers from Tibetan Plateau to East China Sea.
The Yangtze River stretches over 6300 kilometers from Tibetan Plateau to East China Sea.
身份标签:
- largest hydroelectric power station(最大的水电站)
- reservoir(水库)
工作原理那几句:
flowing by gravity
turning mountain barriers to flowing energy.
By building reservoir over a water system this massive, it turns mountain barriers into flowing energy.
板书在这句旁边专门标了主干:主语是 it,核心动作是 turns ... into ...,前面那一长串 By building reservoir over a water system this massive 只是方式状语 —— 主干(把山的屏障转化成动能)。读长句的时候,先把这个主干拎出来,其余的挂在上面。
意义那一句:
it makes the yangtze river our water lifeline.
distributing water resource.
because 那一大句 —— not only ... but also ...:
because, as the world's largest hydroelectric power station built on the cradle of China, which is the Yangtze River, not only does it generate vast amount of clean energy while exerting a control over floods, mitigating risk that might occur during usually rain seasons, but also it distributes water resource to different provinces in China.
拆开看,一层一层:
- because + as ...(原因 + 身份:作为建在中国摇篮上的世界最大水电站)
- not only does it generate ...(not only 提前 → 助动词倒装)
- while exerting a control over floods(伴随:同时控制洪水)
- mitigating risk that might occur during usually rain seasons(结果:降低雨季风险)
- but also it distributes water resource to different provinces in China(并列:还向各省调配水资源)
cradle = 摇篮。板书把长江说成 the cradle of China。
💬 纪录片:引入故事 + 强调句
- documentaries on water system(关于水利系统的纪录片)
It was ___ on my cozy that I came across this documentary on water system in China with my friend Nancy.
板书用了强调句 It was ___ that ___ 把"在哪儿看的"顶到前面。come across = 偶然看到。on my cozy(在我的舒适角落 / 舒舒服服地待着)是这句话里的地点铺垫。
💬 从纪录片学到了什么
What I learned from the documentary is that the Three Gorges Dam plays a pivotal role in water management in China, which entrenched an idea of how important it is to have water lifeline in the distribution of national resource when it comes to topics of not seeking other countries' approval in international relationship.
这一句的骨架:
- What I learned from the documentary is that ...(主语从句开头,把"我学到的"顶到最前面)
- ... plays a pivotal role in water management(核心动作)
- which entrenched an idea of how important it is to ...(用 which 往后挂,引出"扎根"的那个观念)
- ... when it comes to topics of not seeking other countries' approval in international relationship(用 when it comes to 把话题收窄)
相关的两个小结构,板书单独列了出来:
The fact that natural resources needs to be imported resulted in development being subject to other countries' approval
- The fact that ...(同位语从句开头,把一整件事当成主语)
- resulted in ...(结果)
- be subject to ...(受制于)
guideline of
resulting in
🧱 句式:what motivates A to B is ...
板书留了两个空,是一个可以反复套的框:
what motivates 人 to 话题内容 is often a deep-seated desire
完整版(在 P3 那道题里出现):
what motivates 人 to 话题内容 is often a deep-seated desire for transformation and a competitive edge
- What motivates A to B —— 主语从句,"让 A 去做 B 的动力"
- is often a deep-seated desire for —— 表语,"往往是一种内心深处的渴望"
- transformation(改变)、a competitive edge(竞争优势)
💬 P3:为什么有些人不把环境问题当回事
why do some people not consider environmental issues serious?
板书给的答法是分四步:
1. 开场 —— 先定个角度
From a psychological perspective,
2. 归因到"力量感" —— 不是不在乎,是觉得自己使不上劲
are not powerful enough to make a difference.
do something useful for the entire human race.
because it is a topic that is so big that they don't even bother to promote the propaganda. This is a terrible thing.
这里用了 so ... that ... 结构:话题太大,大到他们连宣传都懒得做。
3. 心理机制 —— 观念还没扎根
environmental protection value has not entrenched in their perceptions yet
because they feel that the impact is distant(有距离的 / 遥远的)
遥远
弱小 powerless.
板书给出的两个"感觉词":遥远、弱小 —— 一边觉得影响离自己远,一边觉得自己太弱,所以不动。
4. 结果 —— 拿环境换发展
they trade environment for development
often
trade A for B = 拿 A 换 B。
补一句收尾:
something they don't believe
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| entrench | 使扎根、根深蒂固 | be highly entrenched in |
| deeply rooted in | 扎根于 | deeply rooted in food |
| origins / originates | 起源 / 发源 | originates in |
| plateau | 高原 | Tibetan Plateau |
| stretch over | 绵延 | stretch over 6300 kilometers |
| cradle | 摇篮 | built on the cradle of China |
| hydroelectric power station | 水电站 | the world's largest |
| reservoir | 水库 | building reservoir over a water system |
| flowing by gravity | 靠重力流动 | |
| mountain barriers | 山的屏障 | turns mountain barriers into flowing energy |
| water lifeline | 水的生命线 | have water lifeline |
| distributing water resource | 调配水资源 | distribute ... to different provinces |
| exert | 施加 | exerting a control over floods |
| over | 覆盖 / 压制 / 控制 | control over floods; to (key to success) |
| mitigate | 缓解 | mitigating risk |
| risk | 风险 | risk that might occur during usually rain seasons |
| province | 省 | different provinces in China |
| documentary | 纪录片 | documentaries on water system |
| come across | 偶然看到 | came across this documentary |
| what I learned from ... is that | 我从……学到的是 | |
| pivotal role / critical role | 关键作用 | plays a pivotal role in |
| subject to | 受制于 | development being subject to other countries' approval |
| guideline | 准则、指导方针 | guideline of |
| resulting in / resulted in | 导致 | |
| deep-seated desire | 内心深处的渴望 | a deep-seated desire for |
| transformation | 改变 | |
| competitive edge | 竞争优势 | a competitive edge |
| powerless | 弱小的、无力的 | they feel powerless |
| distant | 遥远的、有距离的 | the impact is distant |
| trade A for B | 拿 A 换 B | they trade environment for development |
| claim | 声称 | |
| exclaim | 呼喊 | |
| acclaim | 称赞 | |
| advocate | 提倡、主张 | |
| promote | 推广、宣传 | |
| propaganda | 宣传 | promote the propaganda |
| ideology | 意识形态 | |
| entire | 整个的 | the entire human race |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
1. 介词 over 专门拎出来讲。 板书把它的三个义项写在一起 —— 覆盖 / 压制 / 控制,例句是 control over floods;旁边还有 to (key to success) —— to 表示"对于 / 通往",所以是 key to success,不是 key of success。
2. 长句先找主干。 By building reservoir over a water system this massive, it turns mountain barriers into flowing energy. 板书在旁边标了"主干(把山的屏障转化成动能)"。遇到前面挂了一大串的长句,先跳到主句的主语 + 动词上(it turns),剩下的再回头看。
3. 主语和谓语要对上。 板书上有 three gorges dam are highly entrenched in 这样的槽位写法,实际动笔时记得让 be 动词跟着主语走。
4. 板书画圈的地方是"要替换"的地方。 那几个圈(习俗 / 文化 / 精神上)不是三个并列知识点,是同一个 entrench 模板可以往三个不同的层面替换。
