第 39 课 · 食物话题·阅读找句号和动词

📌 这节课讲了什么

两件事。前半段是食物话题的口语:先把味道和口感的词攒起来(staples / carbs / protein、crispy / creamy / velvety / tender / pillow-like),再用它们答那道「How important are traditional foods to a country's culture」,把落点放到traditional identity上。

后半段是阅读方法:先找句号,再找动词。板书拿两篇真题演示——标号 18 4-1 的 Green roofs 和标号 17-2-3 的 Insight or evolution?——段落再长也是句子攒起来的,按句号切开、每句抓动词,主题句自己会浮出来。

📖 食物话题:味道与口感的词

板书把最基础的三个词并排放在最上面:

味道:

口感:

把词串成一句 —— 板书给的成品句:

the pizza is Crispy on the edge, but tender inside, topped with creamy mayo sauce, it's deeply satisfying

板书在旁边补了一个词:greasy。

roasted 的两种用法:

pizza is perfectly roasted.

the coffee bean is deeply roasted.

板书把词分成三堆摆:最上面是基础词(staples / carbs / protein),中间是味道(salty / umami 以及它们的同义说法 well-seasoned、savory、meaty、deeply satisfying),下面是口感(crispy / creamy / velvety / tender / pillow-like)。三堆词配一句主句,任何一道食物题都能说满。

💬 话题:How important are traditional foods to a country's culture.

两个可以背的句式 —— 板书把它们上下摆在一起:

nothing compares to traditional foods

when it comes to a country's cultural preservation

P1 的两层:喜好 + 身份。 板书在 P1 旁边标了「喜好」,又在下面标了「身份」,身份这一栏给的是三个词:

• endorses
• ambassador
• representative

举例:

people are really into traditional food. let's say, in some big events like spring festival in china, or christmas in western culture.

关键说法:traditional identity 要「输出」

have your traditional identity exported

get your traditional identity exported.

it's like you wouldn't be able to communicate if you can't get your traditional identity exported.

正反两个例子 —— 一个意大利人,一个中国人:

for example, an italian who doesn't know a thing about their culture can explain how delicious their food is, like, "pizza", which is crispy on the edge yet tender inside.

a Chinese who doesn't know thing about their food culture, they can't — not only can't they pass down culture through generations, but also they fail to preserve their traditional identity.

文化身份的说法:板书还记了两个缩写——

• CBC = Canada-born Chinese
• ABC = america-born chinese

板书上零散记下的词:potluck party / on sale / dough wrapper / waterfront / torrential rain / slum(where there are zombies / drugs)/ skytrain / main st / oak / royal oak / west bound、east bound / bus / coyote(狼)/ panda(熊猫)/ SFU。

🧱 阅读方法:先找句号,再找动词

两篇真题,板书左上角分别标着 18 4-1 和 17-2-3。

做法很简单,板书用满页的红线示范:一段话先按句号切成句子,再在每句里找动词;动词一定位,「谁做什么」就锁死了,剩下的都是修饰。

第一篇 Insight or evolution? —— 板书划出来的句子:

Conventional wisdom also places great weight on insight in promoting breakthrough scientific achievements, as if ideas spontaneously pop into someone's head – fully formed and functional.

However, we believe that it largely misrepresents the real nature of scientific discovery, as well as that of creativity and innovation in many other realms of human endeavor.

Setting aside such greats as Darwin and Einstein – whose monumental contributions are duly celebrated – we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left.

This evolutionary view of human innovation undermines the notion of creative genius and recognizes the cumulative nature of scientific progress.

Consider one unheralded scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who postulated the existence of 'proto-elements' in outer space.

By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-elements' atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table.

Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild speculations, Nicholson also proposed a novel theory about the structure of atoms.

Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, jumped off from this interesting idea to conceive his now-famous model of the atom.

注意每一句的动词和转折:However, we believe / we suggest / This evolutionary view ... undermines ... and recognizes —— 作者的立场全挂在这些动词上。

第二篇 Green roofs —— 段落 A 的第一句就被划了:

Rooftops covered with grass, vegetable gardens and lush foliage are now a common sight in many cities around the world.

B 段的转折句:

Ongoing research is showcasing how green roofs in cities can integrate with "living walls".

D 段的主题句:

For green roofs to become the norm for new developments, there needs to be support from public authorities and private investors.

E 段的转折句:

There are still barriers to overcome, but the evidence so far indicates that green roofs have the potential to transform cities and help them function sustainably long into the future.

找动词这一步,板书是这么用的: 每划完一句,就在句子里把动词拎出来看——

一个句子只找一个动词,找着了就知道这句在干嘛;句号一断,段落的结构就出来了。

💬 直接可以说出口的句子

食物话题:

the pizza is Crispy on the edge, but tender inside, topped with creamy mayo sauce, it's deeply satisfying

pizza is perfectly roasted. / the coffee bean is deeply roasted.

nothing compares to traditional foods when it comes to a country's cultural preservation

people are really into traditional food. let's say, in some big events like spring festival in china, or christmas in western culture.

for example, an italian who doesn't know a thing about their culture can explain how delicious their food is, like, "pizza", which is crispy on the edge yet tender inside.

not only can't they pass down culture through generations, but also they fail to preserve their traditional identity.

📖 词汇与表达

⚠️ 提醒 / 易错

1. 一个词不要单独背,要串成句子。 板书把 crispy / creamy / tender 这些词直接装进一句 pizza 的描述里,考试时能整句抬出去。
2. 「传统」这道题的落点是 identity,不是 food。 板书反复用的是 traditional identity exported 这条线:能不能把文化传下去,取决于你的身份有没有被输出。
3. 阅读先切句号。 长段落先按句号断开,再找动词;动词找到了,句子的骨架就定了,剩下的定语状语都是挂件。
4. 转折词后面才是重点。 Insight or evolution? 里 However, we believe ... 一句,和 Green roofs 里 There are still barriers to overcome, but ... 一句,都是板书划出来的。
5. not only ... but also 用来摊后果。 板书那句 a Chinese who doesn't know thing about their food culture 后面,两个后果就是用它连起来的。