📌 这节课讲了什么
这节课练的是把题干和原文接成一条线:题干一条线读下来,原文也一条线读下来,两边对位,答案就贴在这条线上。
课上完整走了 Test 4 的两篇:Passage 2 Second nature(人格是不是天生定死的)和 Passage 3 When evolution runs backwards(已经消失的特征为什么会长回来)。一篇里连着做了六组题:摘要填空(14–18)、人名匹配(19–22)、段落信息匹配(23–26)、单选(27–31)、句子结尾配对(32–36)、YES / NO / NOT GIVEN(37–40)。
反复回到两件事:一是题干和原文意思一样、词性不一样(cannot undergo a transformation ↔ 题干里的 transformation was impossible);二是把阅读里的句型拆出来直接说出口(B requires A、in order to),当场答了一道 P1。
📝 这节课练了什么
| 题号 | 题型 | 文章 | 板上留下的东西 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14–18 | 摘要填空 | Second nature | 四个空填上了答案 |
| 19–22 | 人名匹配(A–G) | Second nature | 人名表里 D、E 被划线 |
| 23–26 | 段落信息匹配(Which section A–H) | Second nature | 题干圈出来,对应段落划关键词 |
| 27–31 | 单选 A–D | When evolution runs backwards | 27、28、29 有叉和勾 |
| 32–36 | 句子结尾配对 A–G | 同上 | 32、33 写了字母 |
| 37–40 | YES / NO / NOT GIVEN | 同上 | 划了关键词,没写答案 |
第一张板书右上角写着 matching —— 这节课的分量,一半在"匹配"上。
🧱 方法:题干关键词 → 原文落点,一条线对位
段落信息匹配(23–26):先把题干里的动作圈出来,再拿着它去原文里找同一个动作。
| 题干 | 板上划的 | 落点 |
|---|---|---|
| 23 how rational thinking enabled someone to achieve physical goals | 圈 achieve physical goals,旁注 rational thinking | E 段(Tanya Streeter) |
| 24 how someone overcame a sad experience | 圈 sad experience、overcame | C 段(David Faigenbaum) |
| 25 how someone decided to rethink their academic career path | 划 rethink their academic career path | G 段(Mauro Zappaterra) |
| 26 how someone risked his career out of a sense of duty | 划 risked his career / a sense of duty | H 段(Kenneth Pedeleose) |
24 题在板上是一条链(每个环节都打了勾):
suffer from depression ✓ → launch to help ✓ → response of optimistic mindset ✓ → overcome
对应原文:
He therefore launched a support group to help others in similar situations. He took action despite his own pain – a typical response of an optimist.
26 题那一句在板上划得很重:
For marketing executive Kenneth Pedeleose, it meant speaking out against something he thought was ethically wrong… knowing his own job security would be threatened.
19–22 的题干在板书上被画面切掉了右半边,只能看清开头几个词,答案字母板上也没写。
🔁 同义替换核对
摘要填空 14–18,板上把答案填进了句子(加粗的就是填进去的答案):
Psychologists have traditionally believed that a personality 14 transformation was impossible and that by a 15 young age, a person's character tends to be fixed. This is not true according to positive psychologists, who say that our personal qualities can be seen as habitual behaviour. One of the easiest qualities to acquire is 16 optimism. However, regardless of the quality, it is necessary to learn a wide variety of different 17 skills in order for a new quality to develop; for example, a person must understand and feel some 18 __ in order to increase their happiness.
18 那个空板上空着没写。
| 题干 | 原文 | 板上批注 |
|---|---|---|
| a personality 14 transformation was impossible | a person's character cannot undergo a transformation in any meaningful way | 动词 / 形容词 / 一个意思,词性不一样 |
| by a 15 young age | the key traits of personality are determined at a very young age | |
| qualities can be seen as habitual behaviour | many of these qualities amount to habitual behaviour | 动 / seen as / 看作是 惯性行为 |
| the easiest quality to acquire is 16 optimism | optimism being one of them | |
| learn a wide variety of different 17 skills | developing qualities requires mastering a range of skills | B requires A |
词性那一栏的另一个例子:原文 it was modified by biologists,选项里换成名词 modification —— 27 题正确答案旁边,板上把 modified / modification 并排写在一起(还配了"打 mod、修改器"的比喻)。阅读换的不是意思,是词的衣服;看到一个空,先想原文是用哪个动词说的。
27–29 三道,板上有叉和勾:
- 27 = C ——
it was modified by biologists in the early twentieth century.(B 打叉,写 √C);旁注 similar conclusion,对应原文Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability… - 28 = D ——
the reason given for its unusual features.(A / B / C 都打叉);旁注 REASON 和 given unusual feature,对应原文… the whale must be a throwback to a land-living ancestor. - 29 = C ——
They could lead to the re-emergence of certain characteristics.(A、D 打叉,re-emergence 和 characteristics 圈起来) - 30、31 板上没有留下答案。
32–36 句子结尾配对,写了字母的只有前两道:32 = F、33 = G。选项里被圈的是 A 的 reappear、F 的 reversible;34–36 没有写字母。
37–40 判断题 板上只划了关键词(37 旁边一道斜杠、38 圈了 had toeless ancestors),没写 YES / NO / NOT GIVEN。题干留在这里,方便回去对:
37 Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards. 38 Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors. 39 The temporary occurrence of long-lost traits in embryos is rare. 40 Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb.
💬 课上划线的句子
Your personality isn't necessarily set in stone. With a little experimentation, people can reshape their temperaments and inject passion, optimism, joy and courage into their lives.
One thing that can hold joy back is a person's concentration on avoiding failure rather than their looking forward to doing something well.(板上用方框把这句框了起来)
silent genes are somehow switched back on, they argued, long-lost traits could reappear.
the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors and, what is more, digit loss and gain has occurred on more than one occasion over tens of millions of years.
🗣 从阅读里拆出来的口语句型
板上把这个句型单独拎出来讲了三行:
| 板上写的 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| B requires A | 一件事需要另一件事 |
| to learn A in order to get B | 为了 B,要学 A |
| 上班 · 车 · 车为了上班 · 主. · 状. | "车"是主语,"为了上班"是状语 |
然后直接用在一道 P1 题上:
- Do you like looking at yourself in the mirror?
板上搭出来的答案:
checking outfits requires a mirror.
So I bought a life sized mirror in order to make sure the garments I am wearing are matched.
Making sure the garments I am wearing are matched requires a mirror.
最后一句板上在 Making sure the garments I am wearing are matched 下面写了一个 主 —— 主语可以长到一整个句子,系在 requires 前面。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| undergo a transformation | 经历转变 | cannot undergo a transformation |
| habitual behaviour | 惯性行为 | 板上批注:看作是惯性行为 |
| optimist / optimism | 乐观的人 / 乐观 | a typical response of an optimist |
| negative emotions | 负面情绪 | be open to experiencing negative emotions |
| acquire a quality | 获得一种品质 | the easiest qualities to acquire |
| reticence | 沉默寡言 | his reticence would prove disastrous |
| spontaneous | 自发的 | Now my extroverted behaviour is spontaneous |
| suffer from depression | 抑郁 | 板上打勾链条的第一环 |
| untangle A from B | 把 A 从 B 里解开 | untangle her fears from her judgment |
| tolerate / ignorance | 忍受 / 无知 | tolerate and laugh at your own ignorance |
| hold joy back | 把快乐挡住 | One thing that can hold joy back |
| get in the way of | 妨碍 | get in the way of your reaching your goals |
| job security | 饭碗 | his own job security would be threatened |
| mitigate | 减轻 | a way to mitigate the danger |
| evolutionary throwback | 演化返祖 | 本课第一关键词 |
| atavism / atavus | 返祖 / 拉丁语"祖先" | The technical term … is an 'atavism' |
| irreversible / irreversibility | 不可逆的 / 不可逆性 | 1890 年 Dollo 的结论 |
| silent genes | 沉默基因 | 板上批注:基因被关掉 |
| switched off / switched back on | 关掉 / 重新打开 | genes being switched off |
| long-lost traits | 消失已久的特征 | long-lost traits could reappear |
| dorsal fins | 背鳍 | the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales |
| degrade | 退化、降解 | if silent genes degrade within 6 to 10 million years |
| womb | 子宫 | The answer may lie in the womb |
| minuscule | 极小的 | Many of these have minuscule limbs |
| digit loss and gain | 趾的丢失与重新长出 | more than one occasion |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
1. 空里填什么,由词性决定。 14 题那句 a personality ___ was impossible,空后面是 was impossible,所以填名词 transformation;原文用的是动词 cannot undergo a transformation。板上把 动词 / 形容词 / = / 一个意思 / 词性不一样 单列出来,说的就是这件事。
2. 一句话可以挂很多层。 摘要第一句板上标了 1 2 3 和 that and:
Psychologists have traditionally believed that a personality 14 transformation was impossible and that by a 15 young age, a person's character tends to be fixed.
believed 后面挂着 that … and that …,一层层往后接,读的时候要把这几层分开,不然空会填错位置。
3. B requires A 的语序。 板上写的是 B requires A 和 车为了上班 —— 中文说"为了上班要有车",英文倒过来:Making sure the garments I am wearing are matched requires a mirror.
4. "无 → 有"是这课的暗线。 35、36 题旁边写着 无 → 有;讲 Bachia 蜥蜴那一段旁边写的是 有 → 无 → 有(有趾 → 丢掉 → 又长回来)。看到"本来没有的东西重新出现",就走返祖(throwback / atavism)那条线。
5. 板上没有记答案的地方,不要猜着背: 18、19–22、30、31、34–36 的后三题、37–40。
