📌 这节课讲了什么
这是一节发音课,主线有三条:
- 元音 —— 把 ɛ / ɪ / ə 这三个最容易混的元音,一个一个校正口型;
- 辅音 + 元音 —— 一个词以辅音结尾、下一个词以元音开头,就要拼起来读;
- R 的听音 —— where / were 里的那个 r,什么时候听得见。
发音不是空着练的。整节课都挂在两套听力题上:一套是「Tiny Engineers / Junior Engineers」的表格填空(1–10)加上「Dartfield House」的单选(11–15);另一套是「Local council report on traffic and highways」(11–14)。课上一边对题,一边把录音里听到的原话拆成两本账:连读点和同义替换。
🔊 发音要点一:三个元音,先把口型摆对
板书做的第一件事,是把三个元音和它们的「口型动作」摆在一起:
| 音标 | 例词 | 板书给的口型提示 |
|---|---|---|
| ɛ | egg | 咧嘴 |
| ɪ | sit | 舌身微微隆起 |
| ə | about | 下巴放下 |
三个提示都很短,但各自只抓一个动作:ɛ 是嘴角往两边拉,ɪ 是舌身(不是舌尖)微微抬起来,ə 是下巴放下来、整个口腔松掉。板书把这三个音单独拎出来,是因为它们在听力里最容易互相顶替——一个音听错,整个词就跟着错。三个音的正确顺序是先摆口型、再出声:口型对了,音自然就出来了;反过来先出声再找口型,很难改。
🔊 发音要点二:辅音 + 元音,连起来读
板书先写了一条规则:
辅音 + 元音
下面紧接着一行:
k + a i e o u
一个辅音音,后面碰上一个元音音,就直接拼到一起,中间不断开。这是整节课反复在练的一条。
课上过的第一组,是从校方那段介绍里挑出来的词:
| 板书原句 | 连起来读,听起来像 |
|---|---|
| pick it up | pi-ki-tup |
| need a break | nee-da break |
| what are you doing | wha-der |
| she's a teacher / she is a teacher | shee-za teacher |
| can I help | ca-nai |
板书在 can I help 旁边注了「帮忙」,把整句的意思和连读后的音一起记。
第二组是从题目和短文里挑的:
| 板书原句 | 连起来读,听起来像 |
|---|---|
| which is to think | whi-chiz |
| think up an | thin-ka-pan |
| come up with | pwith |
| you'd | —— 板书单列,提示它是「you would」压出来的 |
这里面 think up an 那一组最典型:三个词、三个音节,连起来读就只剩一串音 thin-ka-pan,如果按单词一个一个听,反而对不上。同样,which is to think 连起来之后,前半截变成了 whi-chiz,后半截的 to think 反而变得更清楚——连读不是把整句糊成一团,而是把该粘的地方粘上、该断开的地方断得更明显。
这也是为什么板书要把「原句」和「听起来像」分成两行写:左边是眼睛看到的,右边是耳朵听到的。做听力的时候,脑袋里要同时存这两行,才能把听到的音翻译回看到的词。
🔊 发音要点三:R 的听音
板书写了一个很大的标题:
名词性 where 地方.
旁边单独写了引号里的 "where",并且把 where 中的字母 e 圈了出来。紧接着下面一行是:
R-听音
左边另外补了一句:
if i were to
也就是说,where / were 这一组词里的 r,是「听得到 / 听不到」会变化的那一个音。板书把 where 的 e 圈掉、标上「R-听音」,是在指明要盯住的位置——这个 r 不是随时都在响的,要靠听来定位。
教你如何发 R blend —— 板书给了三步:
- lips forward —— 嘴唇向前
- wuuu
- 卷舌
板书在这一段下面还写了 GRoup。
🧱 方法:动词是句子的起点
板书拿一道填空题做了一次拆解:
Create a short 6 ______ with special software.
板书写了三个方位词,把句子从左往右摊开:
| 方位 | 板书内容 |
|---|---|
| 左边 | 起点:动词 create |
| 中间 | movie |
| 右边 | animation software |
紧跟着的四个字是:
递进:宾语
一个句子不是从主语开始念的,而是从动词开始长的:先有动词 create,再往右递进出宾语,再往右还有东西。板书把「起点 / 中间 / 右边」标出来,就是让人看见这句话是怎么一寸一寸往前推的。同一道题的另一个空 Build, 7 ______ and program a humanoid robot. 也是这个结构。
这一点在填空的时候特别有用:空格前面紧挨着的如果是动词,那这个空十有八九是宾语;空格的后面如果还跟着一串东西,那串东西多半是修饰语。句子往右读的顺序,就是笔记往右记的顺序。板书在另一处也标了「左边」和「右边」两个词,反复在提示同一件事:一句话的展开是有方向的,顺着方向走,不要跳。
💬 课上精听的句子
这几句都是板书上出现过、并且圈出来过的原话:
Then they have something a bit different, which is to think up an idea for a five-minute movie and then film it, using special animation software. You'd be amazed what they come up with.
板书把 think up 和 come up 圈在一个圈里,旁边标了一个字:谓。两个都是「想出来」的意思,都是谓语。
bring you up to date with changes in the school
date from various times, some from 1970, some from last 5 years
dartfield house is over a century old
I can now give you some news about the lower school site, which is separated from the main site by a road.
板书把这句话切成了三段来听:about the lower school site, / which is separated / from the main site by a road。切完之后,后半段又单独拆出一组介词对照:
| 板书碎片 | 补全后 |
|---|---|
| by a road with | separated from the main site by a road |
| i go to school | go to school by bus |
| by bus with(被圈出来) | —— by 和 with 要分清 |
| nice of you | —— of 的搭配 |
| to | —— 方向用 to |
They've confirmed that they're staying where they are.
板书在这句旁边标了「确认」,又在下面另起一行写了 CONFIRMATION 确认——听到这个词,就说明前面那些「要搬走」的传闻已经被否掉了。
there were rumours that the post office was going to move
板书在这句旁边标了「谣言」。
which would've meant there wasn't a need for a crossing
板书在这句下面标了「虚拟语气」,旁边还标了「元音」。
that it'd be dangerous to have a pedestrian crossing as there's a bend in the road there.
If I could've gone back in time, I would've chosen a rocket to get there.
这句被整个圈了起来,旁边写的是 if i were to。
📝 这节课练了什么
这节课一共过了三块材料。第一块是 1–10 的表格填空,第二块是同一套题里的 Part 2 单选 11–15,第三块是另一套「交通与公路」的单选 11–14。三块的笔记方式不太一样:表格填空重在动词和修饰语的位置,单选重在同义替换和虚拟语气。
第一大块:表格填空(1–10)
材料是一个给孩子开的工程兴趣班,分 Tiny Engineers (ages 4–5) 和 Junior Engineers (ages 6–8) 两组活动。
| 题号 | 板书原句 | 板书批注 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Create a cover for an 1 ______ so they can drop it from a height without breaking it. | 旁边写了 egg |
| 2 | Take part in a competition to build the tallest 2 ______ | |
| 3 | Make a 3 ______ powered by a balloon. | 动词; 后置定语 |
| 4 | Build model cars, trucks and 4 ______ and learn how to program them so they can move. | |
| 5 | Take part in a competition to build the longest 5 ______ using card and wood. | |
| 6 | Create a short 6 ______ with special software. | |
| 7 | Build, 7 ______ and program a humanoid robot. | |
| 8 | Held on 8 ______ from 10 am to 11 am | |
| 9 | Building 10A, 9 ______ Industrial Estate, Grasford | |
| 10 | Plenty of 10 ______ is available. |
另外还有一行费用:Cost for a five-week block: £50。
第 3 题上压了两个批注:Make 下面标「动词」,powered by a balloon 下面标「后置定语」——一个讲句子的起点在哪,一个讲修饰语跑到名词后面去了。
第二大块:Dartfield House 单选(11–15)
| 题号 | 题目 | 板书标注 |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Dartfield House school used to be ___ A a tourist information centre. B a private home. C a local council building. |
选项旁批:有一个选项会一眼就知道不对 |
| 12 | What is planned with regard to the lower school? A All buildings on the main site will be improved. B The lower school site will be used for new homes. C Additional school buildings will be constructed on the lower school site. |
在 B 上做了标记 |
| 13 | The catering has been changed because of A long queueing times. B changes to the school timetable. C dissatisfaction with the menus. |
在 A 上做了标记;注 long queue 队伍、queuing |
| 14 | Parents are asked to A help their children to decide in advance which serving point to use. B make sure their children have enough money for food. C advise their children on healthy food to eat. |
在 A 上做了标记,B 和 C 被划掉 |
| 15 | What does the speaker say about the existing canteen? A Food will still be served there. B Only staff will have access to it. C Pupils can take their food into it. |
注 have table and chair、eat lunch brought from home here |
第 11 题旁边记下来的原话是:
commissioned by intended 本意 as his family home. but he died before it was completed.
sell it to the local council, who turned it into offices. his ______ chose to sell it to the local council
第 12 题旁边圈出来的原话是:
separated by the road move to new building main side construct house on the existing lower side work should start in the next few months
planning permission has been granted for development of both sites?
lower school will move to new buildings that will be constructed on the main site
第 13 题旁边列的是:
catering / full to capacity / only one / wait considerable time / unsatisfied(板书缩写作 unsatis) / so / had a new food hall / service area
顺着这批笔记往后,还记了一串关于取餐的说法:
ask kids which food they eat relevant serving point —— 对应的饮食区. changes to the current system of paying
第三大块:Local council report on traffic and highways(11–14)
| 题号 | 题目 | 板书标注 |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | A survey found people's main concern about traffic in the area was A cuts to public transport. B poor maintenance of roads.（维护） C changes in the type of traffic. |
B 被圈起来;注 poor maintenance、potholes 坑洼 |
| 12 | Which change will shortly be made to the cycle path next to the river? A It will be widened. B It will be extended. C It will be resurfaced. |
在 A 旁写了标记 |
| 13 | Plans for a pedestrian crossing have been postponed because A the Post Office has moved. B the proposed location is unsafe. C funding is not available at present. |
画了一个很大的 B,并把 C 划掉 |
| 14 | On Station Road, notices have been erected A telling cyclists not to leave their bikes outside the station ticket office. B asking motorists to switch off engines when waiting at the level crossing. C warning pedestrians to leave enough time when crossing the railway line. |
注 switch off 关掉、not to leave their engines running.(被圈出)、leave 让…、make their engines running. |
第 11 题旁边记的原话:
increasing number of heavy vehicles one or two complaints about potholes which will be addressed
第 12 题旁边记的原话:
path is very well used. surface overtaking can be a problem（超） wider
第 13 题旁边记的原话:
put on hold（后面打了个勾） budgeted to be done（板书注:预算） there were rumours that the post office was going to move need for a crossing staying where they are dangers ... to have one as there is a bend
这一段里被圈起来、并且分别加了批注的是这两句:
there were rumours that the post office was going to move —— 批注:谣言
which would've meant there wasn't a need for a crossing —— 批注:虚拟语气
🔁 同义替换核对
| 题目里的说法 | 录音/板书笔记里的说法 |
|---|---|
| poor maintenance of roads | potholes（坑洼）· one or two complaints about potholes which will be addressed |
| cuts to public transport | increasing number of heavy vehicles |
| It will be widened | path is very well used · surface · overtaking can be a problem · wider |
| postponed | put on hold · budgeted to be done |
| the Post Office has moved | there were rumours that the post office was going to move |
| the proposed location is unsafe | it'd be dangerous to have a pedestrian crossing as there's a bend in the road there |
| asking motorists to switch off engines | not to leave their engines running |
| serving point | relevant serving point —— 对应的饮食区 |
| The lower school site will be used for new homes | lower school will move to new buildings that will be constructed on the main site |
| used to be a local council building | sold it to the local council, who turned it into offices |
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| think up | 想出来 | 板书与 come up 圈在一起,标「谓」 |
| come up | 想出来 | |
| come up with | 想出、拿出 | 连读读作 pwith |
| humanoid robot | 人形机器人 | Build, ______ and program a humanoid robot. |
| Industrial Estate | 工业区 | Building 10A, ______ Industrial Estate, Grasford |
| commissioned by | 由……委托 | |
| family home | 自宅 | intended as his family home |
| planning permission | 规划许可 | has been granted for development |
| for granted | 想当然 | 板书只写了 for granted |
| catering | 餐饮 | |
| full to capacity | 满员、坐满 | |
| queue / queuing | 排队 | long queue 队伍 |
| serving point | 取餐点 | relevant serving point 对应的饮食区 |
| canteen | 食堂 | |
| pothole | 坑洼 | 路面坑洞 |
| maintenance | 维护 | poor maintenance of roads |
| surface | 路面 | |
| overtaking | 超车 | overtaking can be a problem |
| pedestrian crossing | 人行横道 | |
| level crossing | 平交道口 | |
| switch off | 关掉 | switch off engines |
| engines running | 发动机转着 | leave their engines running |
| put on hold | 搁置 | |
| budget | 预算 | budgeted to be done |
| rumour | 谣言 | there were rumours that ... |
| bend | 弯道 | there's a bend in the road |
| confirmation | 确认 | CONFIRMATION 确认 |
| animation software | 动画软件 | with special animation software |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
1. 连读不是「读得快」,是「辅音 + 元音拼起来」 听到 wha-der,要能还原成 what are you doing;听到 shee-za,要能还原成 she is a。听力里还原不回来,词就丢了。
2. 三个元音靠口型分,不靠音量分
| 音标 | 词 | 口型 |
|---|---|---|
| ɛ | egg | 咧嘴 |
| ɪ | sit | 舌身微微隆起 |
| ə | about | 下巴放下 |
3. R 要「听」出来 板书把 where 的 e 圈出来、标上 R-听音,又补了一句 if i were to。where / were 里的 r 是要靠耳朵定位的音,不能想当然。
4. 虚拟语气
which would've meant there wasn't a need for a crossing
板书专门标了「虚拟语气」。听到 would've,就知道后面说的是「本来会怎样」,不是事实。
5. 后置定语
Make a 3 ______ powered by a balloon.
powered by a balloon 是跑到名词后面去修饰它的。空格前面是名词、后面跟着一个分词短语,答案基本就是这个名词。
6. leave 让…… / make 让…… 板书写了两行对照:leave 让… 和 make their engines running.。题目里说的是 not to leave their engines running,和选项里的 switch off engines 是一回事。
7. 选项判断的一个动作 第 11 题旁边批了一句:有一个选项会一眼就知道不对。选择题不必从 A 顺着读,先把一眼就错的排掉,再在两个里面定答案。
