第 63 课 · 阅读判断填空一定要全对

📌 这节课讲了什么

这节课的主线是:阅读判断题(T/F/NG)和表格填空题,要做到"一定要全对"。用的材料是剑桥真题 Why we need to protect polar bears(为什么我们要保护北极熊),课上把 Q1–Q7 的判断题和 Q8–Q13 的表格填空整篇走了一遍,每题都定了答案。

板书最上方写了做题三步:1. 读懂原文 → 2. 读懂题目(额外的一篇阅读)→ 3. 比对,旁边并列一句 开卷考试:答案。同时反复提醒:主观意识不能太强、迅速地知道核心意思、自适应变化。

判断题的判准,板书只留了一条:

与原文不一样就是错的.

同一节课的后半段,还过了一套听力 Part 2 的选择题(一家叫 Stevenson's 的公司,Q11–Q14),板书右上角写着四个字:完成他 100%。

🧱 方法:判断题三步 + 判准

板书用一个大圈把三步框在一起,再把箭头指向"题目区":

板书旁边另有三组提醒,箭头分别指向"原文"和"题目":

• 主观意识不能太强 —— 不要用自己的常识去补原文没说的话
• 迅速地知道核心意思 —— 读句子抓主干,不纠缠细节
• 自适应变化 —— 题目换个说法,你要跟着换

判定标准(板书原文 + 圈划)

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

板书把 agrees with the information 整段圈了起来,把 contradicts the information 和 no information on this 都划了线 —— 这是三条判准的分界线。

📝 判断题 Q1–Q7:题干 ↔ 原文

答案(板书在每个题干右侧标出):1 F · 2 F · 3 NG · 4 T · 5 T · 6 F · 7 T

逐题说清楚:

第 1 题 —— 板书圈了题干里的 suffer 和 problems,把原文 Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences. 整个框了出来。 板书右侧还写了中文批注「厚重脂肪导致健康问题」,并画箭头指向这一句。原文承认"脂肪厚到人类身上会得糖尿病和心脏病",但紧跟着一个 Yet —— 北极熊 experiences no such consequences。题干少了这个转折,所以是 F。

第 2、3 题 —— 板书批注:「对比不同北极熊」。 原文对比的是"北极熊 ↔ 棕熊(brown bears)",不是"不同组别的北极熊",所以 Q2 的 different groups of polar bears 与原文不一样 → F。 Q3 题干多了一个 first,板书把 first 圈起来、把 genetically 划了线 —— 原文没有"第一个"这层信息 → NG。

第 4 题 —— 板书把题干里的 genetic means、control their levels 单独抠出来做成小方块,连线指向原文的 APoB, which reduces levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)。 原文的 a gene known as APoB = genetic means,reduces levels of … LDLs = control their levels,一一对应 → T。

第 5 题 —— 板书把「母熊 / 6个月 / 生存 / 没食物」四个词圈成一团,并在 FASTING: 上画了一个圈,旁边标注「禁食」。 这个词是题眼:看到 FASTING 就要能反应过来"不吃东西还能活"。板书下面补了一句解释:一个生命要活着同时消耗自己储存. —— 对应原文 depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves。板书把这一段命名为「猜字游戏」 → T。

第 6 题 —— 板书把题干的 weak 圈出来,并在 out of their dens in spring 上画框。 原文的落点是 their bones remain strong and dense 和 no evidence of significant loss of bone density,与 very weak 正好相反 → F。板书在旁边写了「从地里出来」,提示"从洞里出来"这个动作对应原文的 emerged from the den。

第 7 题 —— 板书划了 mechanism of bone remodelling 和 bedridden humans, and even astronauts。 题干把 bedridden humans 和 astronauts 概括成 people,could potentially benefit 概括成 could also be used by people one day → T。

📝 填空题 Q8–Q13:表格填空

题目要求(板书原文)

Complete the table below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8–13 on your answer sheet.

标题:Reasons why polar bears should be protected

板书在 Q9–Q13 上做的定位动作:

• 第 9、10 题:板书把 In Tennoji Zoo, a bear has been seen using a branch as a 9 … 和 This allowed him to knock down some 10 … 连着看,在 10 后面直接写 meat —— 两句是同一件事的先后,答案在同一段。
• 第 11 题:板书把 worked out a method of reaching a platform 划了线,答案是 photographer,而且板书把 a photographer standing on a platform 这一小段单独抠出来放在图上。
• 第 12 题:板书把 conscious manipulation of objects 和 activity similar to a ____ 对到原文的 putting objects in piles and then knocking them over,圈出 in what appeared to be a game。
• 第 13 题:板书把 many bears have been seen to hit out 单独框出来,hit out 打圈;再抠出题干 They may make movements suggesting 13 ____ if disappointed when hunting.。旁边写:
• WHEN … missed out on … 错失
• out of frustration. … 沮丧
• kill — 杀 最后把 suggesting 13 和 frustration 圈在一起 —— 答案从 out of frustration 里出。

🔁 同义替换核对

一个规律:判断题的答案不藏在生词里,藏在转折和限定里 —— 第 1 题的 Yet、第 6 题的 Despite this 都是把前面的话翻过来的地方,答案就出在这里。

🔍 长难句拆解

板书在原文里划线的几个长句,一句一句拆开:

1. Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease.

• 主干:Humans **would be considered** obese **and would be likely to suffer from** …
• with comparative levels of adipose tissue 挂在 Humans 后面做后置修饰 —— "脂肪水平差不多的人类"
• 一个主语后面用 and 挂了两件事:被判定为肥胖、容易得糖尿病和心脏病

2. This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs alive, depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves.

• 主干:This process **results in** about six months of fasting
• where … 进一步说明这六个月是什么状态
• 最后的 depleting … 是伴随状语 —— 补充"这六个月要付出什么代价",第 5 题的答案就在 fasting 上

3. A calculated move by a male bear involved running and jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform four metres high.

• 主干:A calculated move **involved** running and jumping onto barrels
• by a male bear 修饰 move;in an attempt to get to … 表目的
• standing on a platform four metres high 又修饰 photographer —— 后置修饰套后置修饰,第 11 题的答案 photographer 挂在最后一层

4. If the mechanism of bone remodelling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans, and even astronauts, could potentially benefit.

• 条件状语 If … can be understood 放在前面,主句在后面
• 主句主语被逗号切开:many bedridden humans, and even astronauts —— 中间那一段是插入,不改变主干结构
• 第 7 题就是把这句的 bedridden humans, and even astronauts 概括成了 people

5. As for emotions, while the evidence is once again anecdotal, many bears have been seen to hit out at ice and snow – seemingly out of frustration – when they have just missed out on a kill.

• As for emotions 是话题切换词,从这里开始讲"情绪"
• while … 让步:"虽然证据还是轶事性的"
• 主句 many bears have been seen to hit out at ice and snow,两个破折号中间是插入说明,最后 when … 交代时间
• 第 13 题的答案 frustration 就藏在那对破折号中间

💬 值得记住的句子(原文划线句)

They are uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, where temperatures can reach −40°C. （板书旁批:能适应 极端气候 / 北极圈 / −40度）

One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimetres of fat underneath their skin. Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease. Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences.

A 2014 study by Shi Ping Liu and colleagues sheds light on this mystery. They compared the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears. （板书旁批:Liu / 北极 - 棕 / 基因）

This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs alive, depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves. Despite this, their bones remain strong and dense.

If the mechanism of bone remodelling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans, and even astronauts, could potentially benefit.

The bear used a tree branch on multiple occasions to dislodge a piece of meat hung out of his reach.

A calculated move by a male bear involved running and jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform four metres high.

As for emotions, while the evidence is once again anecdotal, many bears have been seen to hit out at ice and snow – seemingly out of frustration – when they have just missed out on a kill.

If climate change were to lead to their extinction, this would mean not only the loss of potential breakthroughs in human medicine, but more importantly, the disappearance of an intelligent, majestic animal.

🎧 后半段:听力 Part 2 选择题实战(Q11–Q14)

板书写着 完成他 100%,后面接的是 PART 2 / Questions 11–20 / Questions 11–14 / Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

第 11 题的干扰是怎么排掉的:板书列了一串年份提醒 —— is old、went into school 23、26、2 earlier、in 24。1924 是 started making plans 的时间,1926 才是 set up his company 的时间,所以选 C。

第 12 题:板书在 B、C 上各打了一个叉,并在右侧留了 machine came about、alternative car 两行,提示这两个说法是录音里出现过的干扰。

第 14 题:板书把选项 A 的 time to do research. 单独抠出来,又圈了一次,旁边写:

• give idea you will be doing.
• you have a ppt(划线)
• from one of the managers(划线)
• 学习不一样部门 ／ research and development

第 13 题相关的另一组批注(板书右上区域):

• we've expanded(圈出来)
• layout
• 5年 ／ refurbishment
• ppt by managers ／ in each department
• end of each week
• Moving to a new location has never been necessary.(划了两段线)

📖 词汇与表达

⚠️ 提醒 / 易错

1. 判准只有一条:与原文不一样就是错的。 板书在这一句下面划了线。判断题不是"常识题",原文没有的信息(比如 Q3 的 first)就是 NOT GIVEN,不是 FALSE。

2. 转折词后面才是答案。 第 1 题的 Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences.、第 6 题的 Despite this, their bones remain strong and dense. —— 板书都把这两句整句框了出来。看到 Yet / Despite / However,要立刻回头检查题干是不是被这句话推翻了。

3. 题干会"缩水"。 第 7 题把 bedridden humans, and even astronauts 缩成 people,第 4 题把 APoB, which reduces … 缩成 genetic means。板书把这些词组单独抠出来做对照,就是提醒你:这类概括是允许的,不算"与原文不一样"。

4. 表格填空盯"词性 + 个数"。 题目要求 ONE WORD ONLY,所以答案只能是一个词:violent / tool / meat / photographer / game / frustration,板书在每一空下面都画了虚线框,填进去的正好一个词。

5. 填空题的位置靠上下文锁死。 第 9、10 两空在相邻两句里(用树枝 → 敲下肉),第 13 空靠 WHEN … missed out on a kill 这条因果链锁定 —— 板书在旁边标了 错失 / 沮丧 / 杀。

6. 板书右侧还留了几组提示词:「涉及什么」「指南针」「地图」,以及带箭头的「厚重脂肪导致健康问题」「对比不同北极熊」—— 后两条分别对应第 1 题和第 2、3 题的考点。

7. 板书左上角的一组示例:一句 G in england is no longer visible.,下面标了「G没」,再往下连着 vast majority of figures;「G没」和 vast majority of figures 之间的连线上画了一个叉。这组例子配的是最上面那句提醒 —— 主观意识不能太强:不要拿"我觉得是这样"去替代原文的说法。

8. 听力的年份题,先分清"哪件事发生在哪一年"。 第 11 题的 1924 是 started making plans,1926 才是 set up his company;板书把 2 earlier、in 24、26 单独列出来,就是把三个年份摊开对比。