第 11 课 · TABLE 旅游·PIE 家庭支出

📌 这节课讲了什么

这节课讲两道数据题,一道 TABLE、一道 PIE,写作方法完全打通:

1. TABLE —— The table below shows statistics about the top five countries for international tourism in 2012 and 2013。五国两年的游客人数与旅游收入,板书给的是「按 RANK 1–5 排着写」的完整示范。
2. PIE —— The charts below show household spending patterns in two countries between 1980 and 2008。英国和新西兰四个饼,先分组再动笔。
3. 贯穿两道题的方法只有一条:数据不可能全说完(板书原话「不太可能全说完」)——所以要选择、描述、对比,把零碎数据打包成一句话,大差距用倍数说。

🧱 方法:数据不可能全说完

板书在最上面写了三个动词,这就是数据题的全部动作:

选择 · 描述 · 对比

• 选择 —— 五国 × 两年 × 两个指标 = 二十个数字,一个都不落地写是写不完的,先挑出「最大 / 最小 / 变化最反常」的那几个。
• 描述 —— 挑出来的数字要说出它的量级和变化。
• 对比 —— 数字之间要比出高低,而不是一个接一个报流水账。

紧接着板书标了 RANK 1 2 3 4 5,意思是:按名次排队写,而不是按表格从左到右抄。名次是数据题天然的写作顺序。

Table 数据(板书原表)

板书用黄圈把两列圈出来对照:游客人数法国第一、美国第二;但花钱是另一回事——美国 $126.2 billion 遥遥领先,西班牙 $56.3 billion 其实是第二。同一张表里两套排名不一样,这就是要「对比」的地方。

🧱 结构:开头改写 + Overview 两句话

第一步:把题目句改成引言句。 板书给的示范是:

The table compares the 5 highest ranking countries in terms of the numbers of visits and money spent by tourists over a period of two years.

板书把 in terms of 那一整块圈了出来 —— 题目里的 show statistics about 换成 compare ... in terms of,句子就有了比较的骨头。板书的批注是:Overview. 2 sentences. 2 main points.

第二步:Overview 两句话、两个重点,开头用 it is clear。

It is clear that the number of tourists was the highest in France in the years 2012 and 2013.

France was the world's most popular destination in the years 2012 and 2013.

However, the USA earned the most revenue from tourism over the same period.

上面第一、二句是同一个意思的两种写法(一句用 the number of tourists was the highest,一句用 was the most popular destination),板书在这里标了 it is clear 和 the figure showing / with a figure of / with。

两个 main point 分别是: 1. 人数最多 —— France; 2. 收入最多 —— USA(板书用 However 转出来,因为这两件事不指向同一个国家,这就是最值得写进 overview 的对比)。

🧱 主体:四种句式轮着写

这是这节课最值钱的一块。板书把「第一名到第五名」分别配了一种句式,并在旁边标注语法名字,避免五句话一个腔调:

四个句式接起来,就是一段完整的主体:

In 2012, 83 million tourists visited France, and the USA was the second most visited country, with 66.7 million tourists. China and Spain each received just under 58 million visitors, while Italy was ranked fifth with 46.4 million tourists.

注意第 3、4 名是「打包」写的:中国 57.7、西班牙 57.5,两个数几乎一样,板书在旁边写「打包了」,用 each 一句带过,再补一个 just under 58 million —— 不写精确值,写一个区间上限,更简洁。板书还给了另一种打包方式:

China and Spain were at the median, the figures showing ___ and ___ respectively.

板书的批注:median 中位数 · the data is centered(居中)。中位数就是排在最中间的那两个数,数据「围着中间聚」。另外板书还写了 MEDIAN 中位数 centered 居中 level off at ___ —— level off at 是曲线走平、停在某个值上的说法。

同一个数字的三种写法(板书把法国那个 83 million 换着说了三遍):

83 million visitors ++++

The number of visitors to France in 2012 was 83 million.

France was the most popular destination for visitors, with a figure of 83 million travellers.

第一句是主谓宾,第二句是主系表,第三句是主系表 + with 短语。板书在这里标了三种介词说法:the figure showing / with a figure of / with,三个都是「数字是……」的表达,轮着用可以避免重复。

🧱 方法:零碎数据一句话 + 倍数

板书在表格下写了两个要点:谁大谁小倍数好 · 零碎数据一句话。

① 变化方向用一句话打包(这样就不用五个国家各写一句):

We can also see that 2013 saw a rise of between 1 and 4 million tourists to each country.

板书画了大圈,标注:打包了都在升,升的区间 —— between 1 and 4 million tourists。四个国家的增幅都在 1 到 4 百万之间,那就给一个区间,不逐个报数。

② 唯一的例外单独拎出来:

with the exception of China, which showed a slight decrease of 2 million visitors.

which received 2 million fewer visitors than in the previous year

板书旁边写着「中国 - 2 million fewer visitors」,并在 in the previous year 下面画线,标注 2012 —— 这里的比较对象是「上一年」,写清楚时间。

③ 花钱的段落同样处理——先用倍数把第一名抬出来:

Spending by tourists visiting the USA increased from 126.2 billion in 2012 to 139.6 billion in 2013, these figures were over twice as high as those for any other country.

these figures were more than double the number for any other country.

板书在 over twice as high as those 下面画线 —— 美国 126.2 是第二名 56.3 的两倍多,这种「断层领先」用倍数说最快。板书还给了句式模子:

increased from X1 in Y1 to X2 in Y2(126.2 → 2012 → 139.6 in 2013)

④ 剩下的国家继续一句话打包:

Spain ranked 2nd, rising from 56.3 billion to 60.4 billion, followed by France, China and Italy.

However, despite decreasing numbers of tourists, Chinese revenue from tourism climbed by 1.7 billion in 2013.

注意最后这句的反差:人少了,钱却多了(despite decreasing numbers of visitors ... revenue ... climbed)。板书画了线重点标出 Chinese revenue。

倍数句式(板书原句):

My investment is half as much as yours.

My investment is twice as much as yours.

my investment is double the number of yours

板书在 as ... as 中间标了「副词」和「连词 + 程度」,提醒 as 中间放的是副词(half / twice),后面接比较对象。

数字单位阶梯(板书原文列举):

写数据题之前先把这张表过一遍,百万、十亿别写混,分数的量级感就出来了。

🧱 比较结构:比较对象要对齐

板书在讲倍数时顺手列了三句比较句,都是同一个考点——比的是同一样东西:

urban area has higher living costs than rural area.

The population of urban areas is larger than that in rural areas.

your score is better than mine.

第二句用 that 代替 the population,第三句用 mine 代替 my score。板书把 that / mine 这样的替换点留着,是提醒:比较句的后半截不能把名词再重复一遍。

🧱 PIE:先分组,再写 overview

饼图题目:The charts below show household spending patterns in two countries between 1980 and 2008. 两个国家、两个年份、五个组别,一共二十个百分比。

板书的批注只有三个字:2. 分组,后面跟了两行小字:

哪个组别都在升 · 哪个组别都在降 · 一个升一个降

这就是饼图的写法:不要一个饼一个饼地报百分比,先把五个组别按「走势」分成三类。

图表数据(板书原图)

板书上的 overview 示范:

it is clear that the spending on meal and beverage saw decreases in both country, while the expenditure of utility bills rose slightly in the UK and NZ over the period shown.

percentage of spending on leisure in the UK increased from 1980 to 2008, but decreased in NZ.

spending of household on the same matter stayed the same.

other / leisure.

这三句正好对应「分组」的三类:

• 都在降 / 都在升 —— Food & drink 两国都降;Utility bills 两国都小升;
• 一个升一个降 —— Leisure 在英国升、在新西兰降;
• 基本没变 —— stayed the same。

板书在饼图右侧又写了一遍「谁大谁小倍数好 零碎数据一句话」,说明这套方法在饼图里同样用:组内打包,组间对比。

📖 词汇与表达

⚠️ 提醒 / 易错

1. 板书标出的四个评分维度:TA · CC · LR · GRA。 板书在两道题旁边都写了一遍(TA / CC / LR / GRA),写每一段之前都可以对一遍:任务完成了吗、句子之间接上了吗、词换了吗、句式换了吗。

2. 简洁、不重复 —— 板书写在最显眼的位置。 「简洁 不重复」是针对句式的:同一段里不要连用两个主系表。四个句式(主谓宾 / 主系表+介词短语 / 主谓宾 each / while 主系表)轮着来。

3. 两个「一句话」是拿分点。 - 变化方向一句话:between 1 and 4 million tourists 打包四个国家; - 零碎数据一句话:followed by France, China and Italy 打包剩下三个国家。 不要把五个国家写成五句同样的句子。

4. 量级要找倍数的抓手。 美国的 126.2 单独看只是个数字,写成 over twice as high as those for any other country,读者才知道它有多领先。

5. 比较对象用 that / mine 代掉重复名词。 the population of urban areas 和 that in rural areas;your score 和 mine。

6. 时间要写准。 in the years 2012 and 2013、in the previous year(指 2012)、over the period shown —— 板书画线的地方都是时间。