📌 这节课讲了什么
板书顶上只写了两个字:定 状(定语、状语)。这节课就干两件事:
- 把长句拆开 —— 一个长句里哪些是"定语"(限定名词),哪些是"状语"(交代时间、让底、原因),拆清楚了句子就不难;
- 介词 to 的三个性质 —— 唯一性、指向性、外部性(创造的)。
中间用一段"植物有智力"的科普长句做示范,再用一个 The fact that... 的同位语从句模型,把它接到口语里(照镜子的那段)。
🧱 方法:看长句,先找动词
板书左下角(第二张切片)留了三条总方法:
看长句子不要一个个字一个个翻译,要直接找动词/be动词
英语句子喜欢怎么说?分层次说 跳跃性不强 逻辑性很强
介词 to - 唯一性 指向性 外部的(创造的)
第一条是操作:一个长句先圈谓语动词 / be 动词,主干立刻出来,剩下的都是挂在名词上(定语)或挂在句子上(状语)的零件。
🔍 长难句拆解(一):虽然……但是……
板书整段抄下来的句子:
Having long been considered passive organisms, plants are now revealing a hidden intelligence. The idea that they can communicate through underground fungal networks, which some scientists call the "wood wide web", has revolutionised ecology. Were it not for these discoveries, we might still view forests as mere collections of trees rather than complex societies. To understand this, one must examine the evidence that trees share nutrients and warn each other of danger, a phenomenon that continues to puzzle researchers.
第一句板书单独拆了:
板书把 Having long been considered passive organisms 整个框起来,在上面圈了一个大字 Although(让步),框里写了 active(与 passive 相对应),并给出改写后的句子:
Although plants have long been considered passive organisms, they are revealing a hidden intelligence
板书还在这句旁边标了它的小零件:
plants are revealing an intelligence
now(时间状语)
hidden(定语)
—— 也就是说:now 是挂在动词上的时间状语,hidden 是挂在名词 intelligence 前面的定语。一个句子里,能标出来的零件就这两类。
🔍 长难句拆解(二):同位语从句
第二句板书拆得更细:
The idea that they can communicate through underground fungal networks, which some scientists call the "wood wide web", has revolutionised ecology.
板书在下面写了:
idea has ....
that
that they can communicate through underground fungal networks,(整段框出来)
句子骨架就是 The idea ... has revolutionised ecology,中间那一大段 that... 都是用来解释 idea 的 —— 这就是同位语从句。
板书给的最简模型:
The fact is true
／ that I'm hungry
The fact / The idea + is + 形容词,再用 that 从句把"这个 fact 到底是什么"说清楚。
💬 把同位语从句用到口语里:照镜子
板书从 Mirror 这个词展开,给了两组句子:
The fact that mirror is a reflection has changed my mind.
the fact that a mirror is not only a tool for checking my outfit, but also a bridge for self-reflection
is mind blowing = 让人震惊的
The fact is mind blowing that a mirror is not only a tool for checking my outfit, but also a bridge for self-reflection
注意最后一句的语序:The fact is mind blowing 后面才接 that... —— 形容词先落地,从句再补上,说起来更有停顿感。
同一段里还有这些零件(板书原文):
that allows me to do sth before i leave my house.
the other one is that.
outfit
media
问题本身是:
Do you look at yourself in the mirror?
📐 介词 to:唯一性、指向性、外部性
板书用一串名词短语来演示 to:
| 板书 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| key to the door | 门的钥匙 |
| answer to the question | 问题的答案 |
| solution to the problem | 问题的解决办法 |
| approach to the solving | 解决的方法 |
| reaction to the news | 对这条新闻的反应 |
板书还专门辨析了一组:
access in the building?
access for the building. ✗
access to the building. ✓
—— access 后面既不是 in 也不是 for,只能是 to。
to 的三性(板书原文):
唯一性 ／ 指向性 ／ 外部的(创造的)
- 唯一性:一把钥匙对一扇门,一个答案对一个问题 —— 所以 key to / answer to / solution to;
- 指向性:朝某个方向去;
- 外部性(创造的):板书给的两个短语最能说明这一点 ——
flight to paris
road to success
"通往巴黎的航班""通往成功的路"—— 目的地都在前面等着你,路是朝外走出来的。
💬 时文精读:一篇 Politics 报道
板书贴了一段新闻(May 14th 2026),并做了标注:
Donald Trump went to China for a summit with Xi Jinping in Beijing. Mr Xi said China and America had agreed to a "new positioning" on bilateral ties and would increase co-operation in trade. Mr Trump's delegation included a host of business bosses, including Jensen Huang of Nvidia and Kelly Ortberg of Boeing. Commercial discussions are easier for the two leaders than political ones. Tough topics include the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, and America's support for Taiwan. The island's president, Lai Ching-te, made a point before Mr Trump departed for Beijing of thanking America for its "unwavering commitment" to Taiwan's security.
板书标出来的语言点:
| 板书 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| trade ／ trAde | 贸易;板书把重音位置标了出来 |
| unilateral | 单边的(与 bilateral ties 对照) |
| dragon china | 板书用大字写的,旁边注了"咧嘴 e""呃" |
| utilize ／ utilitarian - 功利主义的 | 同根词一组 |
| agree to ／ on 关于 () ／ in cooperation in trade | 介词搭配:agree to、agree on(关于)、cooperation in trade |
| I am interested in ／ singing ／ on singing | 板书把 be interested in 圈出来,提醒后面的介词 |
| made a point of thanking | 特意(做某事);板书把它拆成 made a point ／ of thanking ／ before... |
| 坚定不移的 commitment | 对应原文的 unwavering commitment |
整段里被划线重点读的句子是:
Commercial discussions are easier for the two leaders than political ones.
made a point before Mr Trump departed for Beijing of thanking America for its "unwavering commitment" to Taiwan's security.
💬 口语:衣服这一类怎么答
板书给的问题:
What kind of clothes do you like to wear?
板书给的回答开头和名词:
I am into traditional
qipao = is a traditional dress that features intricate embroidery blended with other decorative elements
—— qipao(旗袍)后面挂了一个 that 从句,里面再挂 blended with(与……混搭),这就是"定语套定语"。板书还圈了 decorative elements(装饰元素)。
板书留的两个动作:
读 10 分钟
想:精确的意思 少说"什么"
例句(板书原文):
I browsed the internet for a traditional dress for my graduation ceremony, on tiktok
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| organism | 生物体 | passive organisms |
| passive | 被动的 | 对比 active |
| active | 主动的 | 板书写在 passive 旁边 |
| intelligence | 智力 | a hidden intelligence |
| fungal networks | 真菌网络 | communicate through underground fungal networks |
| wood wide web | "林中互联网" | 科学家给这套网络起的名字 |
| revolutionise | 彻底改变 | has revolutionised ecology |
| mere | 仅仅 | mere collections of trees |
| complex societies | 复杂的群落社会 | rather than complex societies |
| nutrients | 养分 | trees share nutrients |
| warn | 警告 | warn each other of danger |
| phenomenon | 现象 | a phenomenon that continues to puzzle researchers |
| puzzle | 使困惑 | 同上 |
| the fact that | 同位语从句 | The fact is true / that I'm hungry |
| mind blowing | 让人震惊的 | is mind blowing |
| outfit | 衣着、一身搭配 | checking my outfit |
| self-reflection | 自我反思 | a bridge for self-reflection |
| key to the door | 门的钥匙 | to 的唯一性 |
| answer to the question | 问题的答案 | 同上 |
| solution to the problem | 问题的解决办法 | 同上 |
| approach to the solving | 解决的方法 | 同上 |
| reaction to the news | 对新闻的反应 | 同上 |
| access to | 进入、使用权 | access to the building |
| flight to paris | 飞往巴黎的航班 | to 的指向性 |
| road to success | 通往成功的路 | to 的外部性 |
| summit | 峰会 | went to China for a summit |
| bilateral ties | 双边关系 | a "new positioning" on bilateral ties |
| unilateral | 单边的 | 对比 bilateral |
| delegation | 代表团 | Mr Trump's delegation |
| a host of | 一大批 | a host of business bosses |
| commercial | 商业的 | Commercial discussions |
| tough topics | 棘手的话题 | Tough topics include... |
| unwavering commitment | 坚定不移的承诺 | commitment to Taiwan's security |
| security | 安全 | Taiwan's security |
| trade | 贸易 | co-operation in trade |
| utilize | 利用 | 与 utilitarian 同根 |
| utilitarian | 功利主义的 | 板书原词 |
| made a point of | 特意做某事 | made a point of thanking |
| traditional | 传统的 | I am into traditional |
| qipao | 旗袍 | 传统服饰 |
| intricate embroidery | 精细的刺绣 | features intricate embroidery |
| decorative elements | 装饰元素 | blended with other decorative elements |
| graduation ceremony | 毕业典礼 | for my graduation ceremony |
| browse | 浏览 | browsed the internet |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
- 长句先找动词 / be 动词。 这是板书的第一条:不要逐字翻译;
- 分得清"定"和"状":
now是时间状语,hidden是定语 —— 板书把这类零件一个个标出来,就是为了这个; - 同位语从句不能省 that: The fact that ... / The idea that ... —— 省了就变成两个句子了;
access只跟 to: access to the building(板书在 in 和 for 上都打了叉);- to 的三性要会用: 唯一性(key to the door)、指向性(flight to paris)、外部性(road to success);
- 介词搭配是"背出来的": agree to ／ agree on(关于)／ cooperation in trade ／ interested in doing —— 板书把它们并排写在一起,就是为了对比。
