第 38 课 · 自然拼读·听力意思转换

📌 这节课讲了什么

这节课两条线。第一条是自然拼读:板书右侧列了一大张表,把元音、辅音字母组合和它们的读法一组一组排开,还做了音节切分(design → dé sign、conservation → con ser vation)。

第二条是听力填空题的意思转换。课上过了三份真题——Section 1 的 Bankside Recruitment Agency、Section 4 的 The Eucalyptus Tree in Australia、Section 4 的 Agricultural programme in Mozambique。板书总结成一个动作:句子的 一半 → 转化。意思是:听到半句就要开始换算,答案不是等你听到原词,而是你把录音的说法翻回题目的说法。

🔊 自然拼读:字母组合 → 读音

板书把同音的不同拼法排在一起,方便听音写字:

两处要盯紧:

• th —— 板书专门写了「舌尖出来」,并且分了两种:清晰的(think)和浑浊的(that)。
• wh —— 板书在 wh 后面又写了一个 w,提示它读 /w/:where。
• 板书中段还有一组拼读操练:home / bone / roast,上面标了 m、n 的位置,是同一类音的拼法对照。

🔊 音节与重音

板书把几个长词切开,标出该重读的那一节:

• design → dé sign
• irrigation
• conservation → con ser vation
• preservation → pre ser vation

听力里听到的多音节词,先按这个切法把音节抓住,再往上拼字母。

这张表的用法是反向的:听力里听到一个音,先想它可能是哪几个字母组合,再往白板上的空里填。所以同一行的词要一起记——cake 是 ei,these 是 i:,irrigation 是 i,time / like 是 ai,home / boat / show / stone 是 ou,suit 是 ju:,blue 是 u:。听到音、想起行、落下字母,拼写就不会飘。

🧱 方法:句子的「一半」就要开始转化

板书用一行字总结:

句子的 一半 → 转化

具体怎么转,板书在旁边留了批注:

• 题目写的是 was absorbed(被吸收),板书在旁边注 sucking up - take —— 听到的是「吸上去、拿走」,题面写的是「被吸收」。
• 题目写 unable to take in necessary iron,板书在这一段旁边注 take in。

也就是说:听到前半句的动作,就要开始往题面的名词上换算,不要等到整句说完才反应过来。

三份题正好代表两类活:一份是填表(地址、人名、电话、时间这类信息),两份是学术话题的填空(桉树、莫桑比克农业项目)。填表题拼的是「听清」——字母、数字、日期一个都不能漏;学术填空拼的是「听懂」——几乎每道题都要做一次意思转换。

📝 这节课练了什么

第一份:Bankside Recruitment Agency

板书在 applicant 旁边标了中文「申请人」,并在 pers 后面写全了 personality;最后一行旁边写着 benefit to using an agency。

第二份:The Eucalyptus Tree in Australia

• Importance
• it provides 31 ______ and food for a wide range of species
• Its leaves provide 32 oil which is used to make ______
• Reasons for present decline in number
• A) Diseases
  • (i) 'Mundulla Yellows' —— Cause —— lime used for making 33 roads was absorbed;trees were unable to take in necessary iron through their roots
  • (ii) 'Bell-miner Associated Die-back' —— Cause 34 ______ insects feed on eucalyptus leaves;they secrete a substance containing sugar;bell-miner birds are attracted by this and keep away other species
• B) Bushfires
  • William Jackson's theory:
  • high-frequency bushfires have impact on vegetation, resulting in the growth of 35 ______
  • low-frequency bushfires result in the growth of eucalyptus forests, because they make more 36 water available to the trees
  • maintain the quality of the 37 soil
  • low-frequency bushfires result in the growth of 38 'dry rainforest' which is:
  • a 39 simple ecosystem
  • an ideal environment for the 40 bell-miner

板书在旁边把整条逻辑又写了一遍:

a theory is that the frequency affects the type of vegetation that grows there.

this encourage grass to growth afterwards, resulting in the growth of grass.

water that was consumed by other species

which would consume water

make more 36 water available to the trees

needed by eucalyptus

led to what's known as

by harming the composition of the soil

practice regular burning of bushland

has been strictly controlled

右侧的批注栏里还记着:important why / shelter / oil / 2004 cause / lime / roads / sucking up - take / small number of trees / 2000 - east coast / bell miner dieback / bird / insects settle / another explanation / bushfire / 40 years ago / jackson / frequency affects the types of veg / a simple one think vege not much variety。

第三份:Agricultural programme in Mozambique

• It focused on a dry and arid region in Chicualacuala district, near the Limpopo River.
• People depended on the forest to provide charcoal as a source of income.
• irrigation was seen as the main priority to ensure the supply of water.
• Most of the work organised by farmers' associations was done by 32 ______
• Fenced areas were created to keep animals away from crops.
• The programme provided
• 33 wire/wires for the fences
• 34 seeds for suitable crops
• water pumps.
• The farmers provided
• labour
• 35 posts for the fences on their land.
• Further developments
• The marketing of produce was sometimes difficult due to lack of 36 transport
• Training was therefore provided in methods of food 37 conservation / preservation
• Farmers made special places where 38 fish could be kept.
• Local people later suggested keeping 39 bees which was also adopted
• Evaluation and lessons learned
• Agricultural production increased, improving incomes and food security.
• Enough time must be allowed, particularly for the 40 design phase of the programme.

板书右侧的批注栏:irrigation / Women / wire/wires / seeds / posts / transport,以及两句完整的改写:

did not have access to transport

getting the produce to places where it could be marketed was sometimes a problem as the farmers did not have access to transport.

关于 39 题,板书还给了录音的说法:

they decided to try setting up colonies of bees

which would provide honey both for their own consumption and to sell.

🔁 同义替换核对

📖 词汇与表达

⚠️ 提醒 / 易错

1. 半句就要开始转化。 板书那句 句子的 一半 → 转化 是这节课的重点:听到动作(absorb、take、access to),马上往题面的名词上换算。
2. th 有两读。 板书标了「舌尖出来」:清晰的(think)和浑浊的(that),听音拼写时别混。
3. 多音节词靠切音节记拼写。 design → dé sign,conservation → con ser vation,preservation → pre ser vation。
4. 数字和名字一次听全。 板书把 07866 510333、Jamieson 完整记了下来,这类空没有第二次机会。
5. 同一个意思会有两三种说法。 比如「运输」这层意思,题面写 lack of transport,录音说 did not have access to transport,板书把两种都留了下来。