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第 44 课 · 句子提起来放下去

听力 · 2026-06-13

📂 这节课对应的板块笔记

📌 这节课讲了什么

这节课练听力 Section 3 的选择题,核心动作只有六个字:提起来,放下去。

听一个句子,先把修饰成分(介词短语、定语从句、名词性从句)整体提起来放到一边,抓住主干;放下去,再把修饰放回主干上,意思才完整。板书上用三道题反复演示了这个动作。

同时讲了审题:画一条中轴线,先把主句和从句切开;看到 A of B 要知道谁修饰谁(A 是上义,B 是下义,读作「B 的 A」)。

战略上:先听原文,理解整个故事脉络,再回去按题本身去分析——你需要从中提取什么信息。


🧱 方法一:提起来,放下去

板书在 Q23 上把整套动作写得最清楚。原题:

In connection with slides, the tutor advises Russ to A talk about things that he can find slides to illustrate. B look for slides to illustrate the points he makes. C consider omitting slides altogether.

先看 A。 板书把它拆成两截:

the tutor advises russ to talk
          about things          ← 主干就到这
          things that he can find slides to illustrate   ← 提起来,放到一边
  

主干是 the tutor advises Russ to talk about things。可是 "things" 这个词本身没有信息——你要讲的「things」是什么?全在后面的定语从句里。把定语从句提起来,主干就空了,所以 A 说了等于没说。

再看 B。 板书同样拆:

look for slides            ← 主干:先去找 slides
  to illustrate the points he makes   ← 放下去:找它干嘛用
  

先找 slides,再用 slides 去说明你要讲的点——动作有先后,逻辑是通的。

板书中间标的就是这四个字:提起来 / 放下去。


🧱 方法二:审题画中轴线

板书上写着:审题的速度:画一个中轴线。

以 Q21 为例:

Russ says that his difficulty in planning the presentation is due to …

在中间拉一条横线,先看清哪句是主句(Russ says),哪句是宾语从句(that … is due to …)。主句只负责「谁说」,真正要听的内容全在线后面。

介词就是提示词。 板书把三个选项按结构列了出来:

选项 结构 板书上的拆法
A lack + of + N his lack of knowledge about the topic
B doubt + about + how/what his uncertainty about what he should try to achieve
C short time + that + SV(主谓) the short time that he has for preparation

A of B 怎么读? 板书专门画了:A of B —— A 上义,B 下义,译过来是「B 的 A」。例:

Lack of communication skills = 沟通技巧的缺乏

所以 他的 uncertainty about what he should try to achieve,在板书上被换成了:

his doubt about how he could achieve his goals

uncertainty = doubt,about 后面接的是名词性从句——what / how / that 三个词轮着来。听的时候听到 doubt / uncertainty / lack / short time 这类词,就要马上预判后面接什么。


🧱 方法三:选择题的战略

板书用大字标了两行:

  • 填空题:
  • 选择题:

底下写的战略是:

战略:听原文——理解整个故事脉络;再回去按题本身去分析,你需要从中提取什么信息。

旁边还圈了一句:填空、选择:理解,回去再选。

也就是说:第一遍听的时候不要盯着选项,先把整个故事听成一个完整的事;等脉络有了,再回到题目本身,看这道题到底要你从故事里抠哪一块。


📝 这节课练了什么

三篇 Section 3 的选择题:

篇目 内容 题号
Project on using natural dyes to colour fabrics Jim 做天然染料染布的项目:灵感来源、实验怎么做、用什么染料、遇到什么问题 21–24
Labels giving nutritional information on food packaging 食品包装上的营养标签:Jack 以前的态度、Alice 看标签的习惯、超市披萨的配料表、最喜欢哪个标签体系、薯片里有什么、对标签研究怎么看 21–26
Planning a presentation on nanotechnology Russ 和导师讨论怎么做纳米技术的演讲:难在哪、切入角度、幻灯片怎么用、怎么开场、下一步做什么 21–25

💬 课上精听、板书上留下的句子

Natural dyes 那篇:

ready-made natural dyes, I found a website which supplied them

chop up a pile of it

but when I rinse … wash away

I thought teaspoon … it wasn't the case

板书记下的关键词还有:museums、10 centuries old、carpets、technical、practical、one different dye、one whole、cotton、rinse it.

Food labels 那篇:

beyond that, I've never really been concerned enough to check how healthy a product is

quite high in calories

low in fact is full of sugar

板书记下的关键词还有:花生、whole / half、full story / proportion / all ingredients、all、a meat、change people behaviour、did not stop、more researches must be done

Nanotechnology 那篇:

板书记下的关键词:overview、order、numerous application、wider、helmet、stronger、one area、easier to focus、slides、tailoring – fit every slide、too long、looking for suitable、I leave them out、fine if you had an 1, 2 hours、ways is used to focus people attention、next、ignore notes、short sentence、improving our lives


💬 课上写的示范句

Q22 考的是 approach(切入点)这个句型,板书把它整个搬到生活里做了一遍:

My approach to tidy up my room is/will be …

approach 后面可以接三种东西:

板书给的接法 例子
to concentrate + on to concentrate on what I should do to make it quick
to follow to follow my mom's instructions that help me finish my work quickly
to show to show practicality of sweeping machine

拼起来就是板书上那句完整示范:

My approach to tidy up my room is to show the practicality of sweeping machine to my mom.

板书还把这句切成块,示范「提起来、放下去」:

My approach  |  to tidy up my room   ← 提起来(修饰 approach)
       is      |  to show the practicality   ← 放下去(主干:是什么)
               |  of sweeping machine        ← 提起来(修饰 practicality)
               |  to my mom                  ← 放下去(给谁看)
  

📖 词汇与表达

英文 中文 搭配 / 用法
dye 染料 natural dyes
fabric 布料 colour fabrics
textile 纺织品 textiles displayed in an exhibition
exhibition 展览
botanic garden 植物园 a book about a botanic garden
carpet 地毯 carpets 10 centuries old
practical investigation 实际操作的研究 do a practical investigation
fibre 纤维 a range of dyes with different fibres
apply 涂、施用 applying different dyes to one type of fibre
tartrazine 酒石黄(一种食用色素) using tartrazine as a fabric dye
allergic reaction 过敏反应 It caused a slight allergic reaction.
permanent 永久的 It was not a permanent dye on cotton.
ineffective 无效的 It was ineffective when used on nylon.
cotton / nylon 棉 / 尼龙
rinse 冲洗 rinse it / wash away
ready-made 现成的 ready-made natural dyes
supply 供应 a website which supplied them
teaspoon 茶匙 I thought teaspoon
chop up 切碎 chop up a pile of it
pile 一堆 a pile of it
nutritional information 营养信息 Labels giving nutritional information
food packaging 食品包装 on food packaging
attitude 态度 What was Jack's attitude to …?
complicated 复杂的 He thought they were too complicated.
contain 含有 she was unaware of what certain foods contained
calorie 卡路里 she only interested in the number of calories / quite high in calories
ingredient 配料 the list of ingredients is shocking
shocking 令人震惊的
hesitate 犹豫 he will hesitate before buying pizza again
misleading 误导的 the nutritional label is misleading
accessible 易懂的、好用的 more accessible
logical 合理的 more logical
comprehensive 全面的 more comprehensive
proportion 比例 full story / proportion
percentage 百分比 The percentage of additives given was incorrect.
additive 添加剂
inaccurate 不准确的
research 研究 research into the impact of food labelling
recommendation 建议 It made unrealistic recommendations.
concerned 在意的 I've never really been concerned enough to check how healthy a product is
nanotechnology 纳米技术 Planning a presentation on nanotechnology
difficulty in 在……方面的困难 his difficulty in planning the presentation
be due to 归因于 is due to
uncertainty 不确定 his uncertainty about what he should try to achieve
lack of 缺乏 his lack of knowledge about the topic
approach 切入方式 his approach in the presentation
concentrate on 集中在 to concentrate on how nanotechnology is used in one field
chronological 按时间顺序的 to follow the chronological development of nanotechnology
range of applications 应用范围 to show the range of applications of nanotechnology
slide 幻灯片 in connection with slides
illustrate 说明、配图说明 slides to illustrate the points he makes
omit 省掉 consider omitting slides altogether
audience 听众 encourage the audience to talk
intend to 打算 explain what Russ intends to do
provide an example 举一个例子
summarise 总结 summarise the main point he wants to make
note 笔记 read the notes he has already made / ignore notes
overview 概览
numerous 众多的 numerous application
helmet 头盔
tailor 量身定做 tailoring – fit every slide

⚠️ 丢分点

  • 答案藏在从句里。 主句 Russ says that … 本身不给信息,听到 that 之后才开始正题,注意力别停在主句。
  • 介词是提示词。 doubt about、lack of、concentrate on、approach to——介词一出来,后面接名词还是接从句,基本就定了。
  • A of B 别读反。 A 是上义,B 是下义,读成「B 的 A」:lack of communication skills 是「沟通技巧的缺乏」。
  • 选项要看它有没有信息量。 像 Q23 的 A,主干摊开是 talk about things,「things」是个空壳,这种选项通常就是拿来凑的。
  • 别被原词骗。 板书在 nanotechnology 那篇的选项旁边留下 ignore notes 这样的原文碎片——听到选项里的词在录音里原样出现,先别急着选,回去对照「题本身要你提取什么信息」。
📷 看这节课的板书原图(2 屏)
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