📌 这节课讲了什么
三条线。
- 主语补足:听力填空题里,录音说的是一个完整的句子,答案常常落在「be 动词 / 系动词后面那一截」——那一截就是在补足主语。
- 句型转换:用 The impact of digital technology on the Icelandic language 这篇 Section 4 笔记填空,逐空核对「题干怎么写」和「录音怎么说」。
- 数字读法 + 咖啡:把 100 到 100 billion 的读法过一遍,再用一段 morning routine 的咖啡描述练口语——gives off / first sip / swallow / aftertaste。
🧱 方法:主语补足
板书上给的例子:
They have been found carved in stone. (they = examples of the LS)
The book is on the table.
the book on the table
看清这两行的关系:
| 录音(完整句) | 题干(挖空) |
|---|---|
| they have been found carved in stone | Ancient carvings on 35 ___ |
| the book is on the table | the book on the table |
be 动词 / 系动词后面那一截,就是主语补足——它把主语说完整。题干要做的,是把这一截压成一个介词短语/分词短语,挂在名词后面当修饰,然后把里面那个名词挖掉。所以:
- 听到 they have been found carved in stone,就要反应过来题干会写成 carvings on ___,答案是 stone;
- 听到 the labyrinth spiral was used on coins,题干写的是 Ancient Greeks used the symbol on 36 ___;
- 听到 actual physical labyrinth designed for walking on,对到 37 空;
- 听到 paper finger labyrinth,对到 39 空的 made from ___;
- 听到 experience less anxiety / relief from anxiety,对到 40 空。
板书另外还记了两条:
there are those [who] believe in emotional and physical benefits, which include slower breathing
- including the largest one, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.
这两句是后置修饰套后置修饰——which 从句一挂,答案常常就在从句里。
还有一条听力定位的提醒(板书原文):前后关系 —— 后面补一个代词 it / them,所以这种答案会提前出。也就是说,如果后面用代词回指,那个答案词一定在前面先出现过。
🧱 方法:句型转换(Icelandic language 这篇)
这篇的核心不是词汇,是题干和录音说法不一样。板书把每一条都对照着写了出来:
| 题干 | 录音 / 板书的说法 |
|---|---|
| has approximately 31 ___ speakers | around 321 thousand people, most of whom live in Iceland;板书特别注明 not the number(录音里还有别的数字,别抓错) |
| has a 32 ___ that is still growing | vocabulary is continually increasing |
| has its own words for computer-based concepts, such as web browser and 33 ___ | new word of something / create / special changes little / concept through web / then podcast |
| are big users of digital technology, such as 34 ___ | smartphones —— young people use them all the time |
| are becoming 35 ___ very quickly | bilingual(双语的);板书标注:动宾 → 录音 N(定语)/ become + adj(定语)/ 录音动宾 = promote their bilingual skills |
| while they are in the 36 ___ at school | playground |
| better able to identify the content of a 37 ___ in English than Icelandic | 板书批注:teachers / find it easier / 形式宾语 / 1. easier 2. using English,对应录音里的 to say what is in a picture using English |
| because of how complicated its 38 ___ is | grammar —— significantly more complex than in most languages |
| may lose their 39 ___ as Icelanders | lose their own identity |
| children not being 40 ___ in either Icelandic or English | fluent / fluent in —— neither of which they are fully fluent in |
板书点出的三个动作:
- 动宾 → 名词(定语):录音里是 promote their bilingual skills 这样的「动词 + 宾语」,题干会把它换成形容词 / 名词 + 介词短语去做定语——所以看到
are becoming 35 ___这种「become + 形容词」的位置,就要往 bilingual 这类词上想。 - 形式宾语:
find it easier to say …—— it 是形式宾语,真正的内容在后面那个不定式里。听的时候别被 it 挡住。 - 代词回指:后面出现 it / them 的地方,回去核对前面的名词,答案往往在前面。
🔢 数字怎么读
板书从上到下排了一整列:
| 数字 | 读法 |
|---|---|
| 100 | one hundred |
| 1,000 | one thousand |
| 10,000 | ten thousand |
| 100,000 | one hundred thousand |
| 1,000,000 | one million |
| 10,000,000 | ten million |
| 100,000,000 | one hundred million |
| 1,000,000,000 | one billion |
| 10,000,000,000 | ten billion |
| 100,000,000,000 | one hundred billion |
两个带 and 的例子(板书专门画了 and):
- 121,000 = one hundred and twenty-one thousand
- 3,210,000 = three million two hundred and ten thousand
板书上方标的场景是:时间、电话、日期、地址——这几类信息在听力里最容易因为「听不清数字」丢分。
☕ 咖啡:MORNING ROUTINE
板书把这段拆成了四个checkpoint:
| 阶段 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 刚拿到气味 | (open the lid) |
| 第一口 | first sip |
| 咽下去 | swallow |
| 回味 | aftertaste |
气味 —— gives off = 散发:
When I open the lid, it gives off a kind of aroma that comes from freshly brewed coffee bean.
It opens with a kind of aroma.
入口:
When I take the first sip, it gives me a citrus-like flavor.
… with a citrus-like flavor on my palate(上口盖 / 味蕾)
回味:
Acidity is a kind of aftertaste that keeps me refreshed.
a kind of aftertaste that lingers and stays with me(徘徊)
… as I swallow it
收尾:
Get my brain going.
It gives me a kick.
Stimulate my brain.
Pretty much how I start off my day.
板书在这里专门解释了「表达意思」这件事:
- 「刺激大脑」直译成中文再直译回英文,是 stimulate my brain;
- 但真正的英文说法是 it gives me a kick / get my brain going —— 板书给的中文注释是「刺激大脑——精神、酸爽」;
- 关键动作:把意思表达出来,而不是把中文逐字翻过去。板书标的就是「动宾 —— gives me a kick, get my brain going」。
两个发音提醒:
- citrus 读 /ˈsɪtrəs/(板书写成 sitrəs);
- swallow 里那个音,板书用了个夸张的标记来提示发音位置。
系动词那一栏(板书左侧):feel great / sounds good / smells good / become / seem —— 这些词后面跟的,就是这节课讲的主语补足。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| carved in stone | 刻在石头上 | they have been found carved in stone |
| carving | 雕刻(品) | ancient carvings |
| coin | 硬币 | used the symbol on coins |
| turf labyrinth | 草皮迷宫 | a turf labyrinth |
| beneficial impact | 有益的影响 | believed to have a beneficial impact |
| anxiety | 焦虑 | experience less anxiety |
| relief from anxiety | 焦虑的缓解 | relief from anxiety |
| approximately | 大约 | has approximately ___ speakers |
| decline | 衰退 | reasons why some [languages] are in decline |
| another factor | 另一个因素 | another factor |
| vocabulary | 词汇 | vocabulary is continually increasing |
| continually | 不断地 | is continually increasing |
| secure future | 稳妥的未来 | believes that Icelandic has a secure future |
| identity | 身份 | lose their own identity |
| fluent | 流利的 | neither of which they are fully fluent in |
| bilingual | 双语的 | promote their bilingual skills |
| playground | 操场 | while they are in the playground at school |
| grammar | 语法 | how complicated its grammar is |
| significantly | 显著地 | significantly more complex than in most languages |
| complex | 复杂的 | more complex than in most languages |
| concept | 概念 | computer-based concepts |
| web browser | 浏览器 | such as web browser and ___ |
| podcast | 播客 | then podcast |
| smartphone | 智能手机 | such as smartphones |
| digital content | 数字内容 | support the production of more digital content |
| fund | 基金 | has set up a fund |
| consequence | 后果 | worried about the consequences |
| give off | 散发 | it gives off a kind of aroma |
| aroma | 香气 | a kind of aroma |
| freshly brewed | 新煮的 | freshly brewed coffee bean |
| lid | 盖子 | when I open the lid |
| first sip | 第一口 | when I take the first sip |
| swallow | 咽下去 | as I swallow it |
| aftertaste | 回味 | a kind of aftertaste |
| acidity | 酸度 | acidity is a kind of aftertaste |
| refresh | 提神 | that keeps me refreshed |
| linger | 停留、徘徊 | that lingers and stays with me |
| palate | 上颚、味觉 | on my palate |
| citrus / citrus-like | 柑橘(味)的 | a citrus-like flavor |
| get my brain going | 让脑子转起来 | |
| give me a kick | 给我来一下劲 | |
| stimulate | 刺激 | stimulate my brain |
| pretty much | 差不多就是 | pretty much how I start off my day |
| start off my day | 开始我的一天 | |
| emotional and physical benefits | 情绪和身体上的好处 | believe in emotional and physical benefits |
| slower breathing | 呼吸变慢 | which include slower breathing |
⚠️ 丢分点
- 答案在「补足」的位置上。 be 动词、系动词、被动语态后面那一截,才是答案常待的地方;主语本身通常照抄题干里的名词。
- 数字要躲干扰。 板书在 31 空旁边写着 not the number —— 录音里出现不止一个数字时,先听清哪个是主语、哪个是修饰。
- 代词是路标。 后面出现 it / them,说明答案词在更前面,不要往后找。
- 别把中文直译当英文。 「刺激大脑」不是 stimulate my brain 才叫对,it gives me a kick 才是人话。
