📌 这节课讲了什么
这一节是主语补足专项——把听力笔记填空里最容易漏掉的一类答案位单独拎出来练。
用的题是 Labyrinths(Section 4 笔记填空,31–40 十道空)。整篇题只讲两件事:迷宫(labyrinth)和 mazes 的区别、迷宫的过去和现在。
专项要解决的是:录音说了一个完整的句子,答案落在 be 动词 / 系动词后面那一截;而题干会把那一截换个形式,挂在名词后面,再把名词挖空。听不出来这层转换,就会「每个词都听见了,就是不知道填哪个」。
🧱 方法:什么叫主语补足
一句话里,把主语说完整的那一截,就是主语补足。它长这样:
The book is on the table.
主语是 the book,is 后面那截 on the table 把「书怎么了」说完整——它就是主语补足。
题干不会原样给你这个句子,它会把它压扁,变成名词后面的修饰:
the book on the table
is 一去掉,补足语就变成了后置修饰,原来那个名词还在,位置却被挖空了。
再看板书上那张纸的原句:
They have been found carved in stone. (they = examples of the LS)
这句话到题干里就变成了:
Ancient carvings on ___ have been found across many cultures.
carved in stone → carvings on stone:动词被换成名词(carve → carving),补足语里的介词短语保留下来,里面的名词就是答案。
这就是这一节课的全部秘密:录音给你一个「补足句」,题干把补足语改成定语,空挖在定语里的名词上。
🧱 方法:三类补足,三种改法
| 录音里的补足形式 | 题干里的改法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| be + 介词短语 | 介词短语直接做后置定语 | the book is on the table → the book on the table |
| be + 过去分词 + 介词短语 | 分词换成名词,介词短语留着 | they have been found carved in stone → carvings on stone |
| be + 形容词 / 名词 | 换成名词短语 | … designed for walking on → 修饰 labyrinth 的短语 |
听录音时,耳朵要停在两个地方:
- be 动词后面——
is / are / was / were / have been; - 系动词后面——板书上专门列了一栏:feel great / sounds good / smells good / become / seem。
这两处一出现,后面那半句就是答案区,注意力要立刻收过来。
📝 这篇题的结构
笔记填空是有骨架的,先看小标题就知道每一段要说什么:
Definition - a winding spiral path leading to a central area
Labyrinths compared with mazes - Mazes are a type of 31 puzzle. - 32 logic is needed to navigate through a maze. - the word 'maze' is derived from a word meaning a feeling of 33 confusion. - Labyrinths represent a journey through life. - they have frequently been used in 34 ___ and prayer.
Early examples of the labyrinth spiral - Ancient carvings on 35 ___ have been found across many cultures. - The Pima, a Native American tribe, wove the symbol on baskets. - Ancient Greeks used the symbol on 36 ___.
Walking labyrinths - The largest surviving example of a turf labyrinth once had a big 37 ___ at its centre.
Labyrinths nowadays - Believed to have a beneficial impact on mental and physical health, e.g. walking a maze can reduce a person's 38 ___ rate. - Used in medical and health and fitness settings and also prisons. - Popular with patients, visitors and staff in hospitals. - patients who can't walk can use 'finger labyrinths' made from 39 . - research has shown that Alzheimer's sufferers experience less 40 .
结构上有三个信号要抓:
- Definition 那一段给的是全篇的定义句,
a winding spiral path leading to a central area—— 后面所有的题都是在这句话上做变形; - compared with 表示对比段,凡是出现对比,答案多半落在区别词上(puzzle / logic / confusion);
- Early examples / Walking / nowadays 是时间线,按时间顺序往下走,听到
Ancient、The largest surviving、nowadays就知道换层了。
🔁 逐空核对:题干 ↔ 录音
| 空 | 题干 | 录音/板书给的对应说法 |
|---|---|---|
| 35 | Ancient carvings on ___ have been found across many cultures | they have been found carved in stone(补足语 → 定语) |
| 36 | Ancient Greeks used the symbol on ___ | the labyrinth spiral was used on coins(被动句里的补足语) |
| 37 | once had a big ___ at its centre | actual physical labyrinth designed for walking on |
| 38 | walking a maze can reduce a person's ___ rate | there are those [who] believe in emotional and physical benefits, which include slower breathing |
| 39 | 'finger labyrinths' made from ___ | paper finger labyrinth |
| 40 | Alzheimer's sufferers experience less ___ | experience less anxiety / relief from anxiety |
几个可以直接背下来的规律:
- carve → carving、walk → walking、breathe → breathing:录音用动词,题干用名词,这是笔记填空最常见的换法;
reduce a person's ___ rate这种「名词 + rate」的位置,先想身体指标(心率、呼吸率这类),再回录音里对;less + ___后面接的是负面名词(anxiety 这类),因为前半句讲的是好处;designed for walking on里那个on很关键——它说明这个迷宫是「走在上面」的,补足语里的介词往往就是题干里留下来的那个介词。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| labyrinth | 迷宫(单一路径) | Labyrinths represent a journey through life |
| maze | 迷宫(有岔路) | Mazes are a type of puzzle |
| winding | 蜿蜒的 | a winding spiral path |
| spiral | 螺旋形的 | a spiral path |
| path | 小径 | leading to a central area |
| central area | 中心区域 | leading to a central area |
| puzzle | 谜题 | a type of puzzle |
| logic | 逻辑 | logic is needed to navigate through a maze |
| navigate | 穿行、找到路 | navigate through a maze |
| be derived from | 源自 | the word 'maze' is derived from a word … |
| confusion | 困惑、混乱 | a feeling of confusion |
| a state of confusion | 一种困惑的状态 | a word for a state of confusion |
| journey through life | 人生的旅程 | Labyrinths represent a journey through life |
| prayer | 祈祷 | used in ___ and prayer |
| carving | 雕刻 | ancient carvings |
| carve | 雕刻 | carved in stone |
| tribe | 部落 | the Pima, a Native American tribe |
| weave (wove) | 编织 | wove the symbol on baskets |
| basket | 篮子 | |
| ancient | 古代的 | Ancient Greeks / ancient carvings |
| turf | 草皮 | a turf labyrinth |
| surviving | 现存的 | the largest surviving example |
| beneficial | 有益的 | a beneficial impact |
| impact on | 对……的影响 | a beneficial impact on mental and physical health |
| mental and physical health | 身心健康 | |
| reduce | 降低 | reduce a person's ___ rate |
| rate | 率 | ___ rate |
| medical and health and fitness settings | 医疗、健康和健身场所 | used in medical and health and fitness settings |
| prison | 监狱 | and also prisons |
| patient | 病人 | popular with patients, visitors and staff |
| visitor | 访客 | |
| staff | 员工 | |
| finger labyrinth | 手指迷宫 | patients who can't walk can use 'finger labyrinths' |
| be made from | 由……制成 | made from ___ |
| research | 研究 | research has shown that … |
| Alzheimer's | 阿尔茨海默病 | Alzheimer's sufferers |
| sufferer | 患者 | |
| experience | 经历、体验到 | experience less anxiety |
| anxiety | 焦虑 | less anxiety / relief from anxiety |
| relief | 缓解 | relief from anxiety |
| slower breathing | 更慢的呼吸 | which include slower breathing |
⚠️ 丢分点
- 补足语被「藏」进定语里。 听到完整句
They have been found carved in stone,眼睛要在题干的carvings on ___上落笔——两句话说的是一件事。 - 名词化是最大的信号。 carve → carving,walk → walking:录音里是动词,题干里是名词,这类空几乎必考。
- 介词别丢。 补足语里的
on、in、from会原样留在题干里,它就是你回去找答案的路标。 less + 负面名词。 见到 less,先想「少了什么不好的东西」,再回录音核对。- 代词回指。 如果后文用 it / them 回指,答案一定在前句先出现过——别往后听。
