📌 这节课讲了什么
这节课练的是中英转换自由 —— 中文里冒出来一个念头,英文能立刻找到对应的说法,而不是先在脑子里把中文句子搭好再逐字翻。
课上用三个 P1 问题串起了全部内容:
- what have you been busy with recently? —— 最近忙什么
- what is your favorite Chinese traditional food? —— 最爱吃什么
- Have you ever learnt about outer space and stars? —— 外太空
三题之外,专门抽了两块出来:
- 垫词:说不下去的时候,用 well / I mean / you know / how should I put it 把话接住,不让它掉在地上;
- 卡住的保险:语 well、喜 be really into、感 it's like、定 N + that makes me…、名 what I find most fascinating is…、状 when it comes to —— 六个挂件,哪里卡了往哪里挂。
课末还顺手校了几个音:pull / full / book 的元音,以及 paint / pen / pain 里那个 /eɪ/。
💬 中英转换:先把「垫词」背熟
板书在左上角专门列了一组词,作用只有一个:解释自己,避免卡顿空白。
| 中文 | 英文 | 干什么用 |
|---|---|---|
| 这个 | well | 开口前的缓冲 |
| 就是说 | I mean / you know | 解释自己、把话往下顺 |
| 这个咋说呢 | how should I put it… | 想不起词时的正规救场 |
| 其实 | actually / to be honest | 转折、坦白 |
| 比如 | like / such as | 举例 |
| 就是那种、模糊的 | sort of / kind of | 说不精确的时候 |
这几个词不需要思考,是条件反射级别的。卡住的不是内容,是接不上话的那两秒。
🧱 框架:what have you been busy with recently?
第一步:连读输入
what've you ——
what have you在语流里缩成what've you
第二步:必须用的两组词
板书上标得很清楚:
- 语气:well / to be honest
- 从句:because / so
well, to be honest,
第三步:时态 —— 「最近」等于「一段时间」
板书上的推导链条是:
最近 = 一段时间 → 时态 → have been → 时间副词: lately
I've been pretty busy with my final exams lately.
拆开看:
| 中文 | 英文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 最近很忙 | I've been pretty busy | 完成进行 |
| 忙期末 | busy with my final exams | 忙什么用 with |
| 最近 | lately | 时间副词 |
第四步:展开期末
先给事实:
I pulled two all nighters(通两晚)
再给感觉:
I feel mentally drained because I pulled two all nighters.
感觉 + 比喻:
it's like I have been hollowed out / wiped out.
板书在这句旁边标了三个字:感觉:比喻。也就是说,drained 只是陈述,后面那个 hollowed out / wiped out 才是把感觉说出来的地方。
第五步:转折 —— 结果是好的
but it turned out good, because the exam was super easy, like… easy as pie. / kinda easy
板书在 easy as pie 旁写了中文:像呼吸一样简单。
于是整段的骨架就是:
well, to be honest → I've been pretty busy with… lately → I pulled two all nighters → I feel mentally drained because… → it's like I have been hollowed out / wiped out → but it turned out good, because… easy as pie
注意 or what? —— 板书角落里标了 or what? = 「吗」。这是反问语气的小尾巴,加在句末把语气顶起来。
🧱 框架:观点 —— 我喜欢 / 我受不了
板书用一个大灯泡标了「观点」:
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 我喜欢 | be really into |
| 我受不了 | I can't stand / not a fan of |
I can't stand 后面接什么,板书列了三种:
I can't stand that I pulled 2 all nighters in a row.
I can't stand me pulling 2 all nighters in a row.
I can't stand him yapping / running his mouth all the time.
三种分别是:that 从句、动名词带逻辑主语(me pulling)、动名词带第三人称(him yapping)。同一个「受不了」,后面可以挂三种不同的东西。
💬 中文的「吐槽」「啰嗦」怎么说
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| rant | 吐槽、发牢骚 | |
| rambling | 东拉西扯 | |
| running one's mouth | 嘴不停 | running his mouth all the time |
| yapping | 乱叫、叽叽喳喳 | 板书标注:谨慎使用 |
连读/搭配小点:
bro got 3 wins in a row. —— 「连着地」= in a row
in a row 就是中文的「连着」:连着两晚 = two all nighters in a row。
🧱 框架:what is your favorite Chinese traditional food?
开口定调
it's gotta be …(得是……)
板书在旁边写了两个等价形式:
| 说法 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| has to be | 得是 |
| has gotta be | 得是(口语) |
主体:Dumplings
dough wrapper stuffed with fillings like veggies and minced meat…
拆开:
| 部分 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| dough wrapper | 面皮 |
| stuffed with | 里面塞着 |
| fillings | 馅 |
| like veggies and minced meat | 比如蔬菜和肉末 |
them represents culture of reunion.
(饺子)代表团圆的文化。
对比:煮 vs 蒸
she likes to throw everything into a pot, and boil them, while I prefer steaming.
板书把两个动词单列出来:boil / steam。
🔁 语法:used to / be used to / has to be
板书上把三组放在一起对比:
| 结构 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| used to do | 过去常常做 | used to pulled all 2-3 nighters in a row, think about cosmology |
| be used to doing | 习惯于 | 板书标注:习惯于 |
| has to be / has gotta be | 得是 | it's gotta be… |
| force me to | 逼着我 | force me to cook |
目的状语:
DO1 to do2 sth / do2 sth 是 DO1 的目的
也就是 to do 后面那件事,是前面那个动作的目的。
cosmology = 宇宙学。板书标了中文。
🧱 框架:卡住的保险
这是这节课最实用的一块。板书画了一个大圈,里面是六个随时能挂上去的零件:
| 零件 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 语 | well | 语气词,先把嘴张开 |
| 喜 | be really into | 表喜好 |
| 感 | it's like | 打比方、说感觉 |
| 定 | N + that makes me calm / energetic | 定语从句挂在名词后面 |
| 名 | what I find most fascinating is what is unknown | 主语从句 + 表语从句 |
| 状 | when it comes to | 就……而言 |
语感状态名定 —— 语 / 喜 / 感 / 定 / 名 / 状。哪一个想起来用哪一个,不用整段重来。
💬 Have you ever learnt about outer space and stars?
词汇
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| obsessed with | 着迷于 sth |
| cosmology | 宇宙学 |
| black hole | 黑洞 |
| wormhole | 虫洞 |
| glide through | 滑过、穿行过 |
| hop on | 跳上 |
| daydream | 幻想(动词) |
| mundane | 枯燥的、平淡的 |
| what's on the other side | 另一边是什么 |
成句
Junior high me was obsessed with space.
(「初中的我」—— 直接用名词短语当主语,不用 I was in junior high。)
I even daydreamed about me gliding through black hole to see what's on the other side.
also loved hawking on time, it was quite mundane tho. / kind of mundane tho.
板书在 hawking on time 旁边记了两句中文:霍金的「那个」「怎么说呢」,以及《时间简史》、很枯燥。
used to pull all 2-3 nighters in a row, think about cosmology.
板书的分数标注
板书上写了 5.0 – 5.5,旁边是 6.5 / 7.0 —— 记的是这两组表达对应的分数段。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| pull an all-nighter | 通宵 | pulled two all nighters |
| in a row | 连着 | 2 all nighters in a row |
| mentally drained | 精神被掏空 | I feel mentally drained |
| hollowed out / wiped out | 被掏空了 | it's like I have been hollowed out |
| easy as pie | 非常简单 | 像呼吸一样简单 |
| kinda easy | 挺简单的 | |
| turned out good | 结果是好的 | |
| throw everything into a pot | 全扔锅里 | |
| boil / steam | 煮 / 蒸 | while I prefer steaming |
| wrapper | 皮 | dough wrapper |
| stuffing / fillings | 馅 | stuffed with fillings |
| veggies | 蔬菜 | |
| minced meat | 肉末 | |
| reunion | 团圆 | culture of reunion |
| rant | 吐槽 | |
| rambling | 东拉西扯 | |
| running one's mouth | 嘴不停 | |
| yapping | 乱叫 | 谨慎使用 |
| fob | 门禁卡 | |
| storage room | 储物房 |
🔊 发音要点
pull / full / book
板书把 pull 单独放大,拉出两条线到 full 和 book —— 这三个词是同一组元音,不要读成中文的「普」「福」「布克」。
paint / pen / pain —— 那个「呸」
板书写了一条记忆法:
ei = A = 诶 P + 诶 = 呸
也就是字母 A 的读音 /eɪ/,中文听起来就是「诶」;P 加上 A,读出来就是「呸」。所以:
| 单词 | 板书标注 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| paint | peint · 呸 + n + t | |
| pain | 呸 + n | I am in pain. |
| pen | 挺 | 另一个元音,要和上面两个分开 |
板书上还写了 pal / pai~n 这类近似音标记,和 drained 一起练 —— 都是把中文的近似音先搭出来,再往英文的准确音上靠。
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
1. 卡住不是因为不会说,是因为不会「拖」。 板书的顺序是:先 well / I mean 把气口占住,再 how should I put it… 给自己时间,实在不行就 sort of / kind of 模糊过去。这三个动作要练到不用想。
2. 说到情绪,一定要加比喻。 I feel mentally drained 只是陈述;it's like I have been hollowed out / wiped out 才是画面。板书把这条单列为「感觉:比喻」。
3. 同一个中文,英文有几种挂法。 「我受不了」后面可以是 that 从句、me doing、him doing —— 三种都要会用。
4. 话题词的准备要成组。 外太空那一组是 black hole / wormhole / cosmology / glide through / what's on the other side;食物那一组是 wrapper / fillings / boil / steam。一组词一起记,答题时才不用一个一个往外掏。
