第 62 课 · mean girl 练口语

📌 这节课讲了什么

两块:

1. 口语 —— ① 四个连词 and / for / but / so 怎么用;② 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时的分工;③ P1 遇到"没想法"的题,用一个三步套路救场(不知道 → 往上找一个"上限" → 给结论);
2. 阅读 —— 剑桥真题 The White Horse of Uffington(Uffington 白马)的 T/F/NG 实战。

课上反复强调的一句话是那句老口诀:主头、谓心脏、宾手脚。

🧱 框架一:四个连词,四种关系

板书把它们排成一列,每一种都给了例子:

but 是口语里最好用的"抬一层"工具 —— 板书给的两个现成句子:

The mouse costs me a lot but it's not handy.(可爱/贵,但不好用) My bag is expensive but it's not specially useful.(贵,但不特别实用)

这套"贵但不好用"的结构可以直接搬:costs a lot but not handy / expensive but not useful —— 用来回答"你买过什么不满意的""这个东西有什么缺点"。

从句连词:when / because / if / although —— 这四个是状语从句的入口,说复杂句先从这里起步。

🧱 框架二:现在完成时 vs 一般过去时

板书把两个问句并排放在一起:

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN to a theme park?（现在 + 完成 → 管"结果") Did you go to a theme park?（事实 + 时间点)

一般过去时(past simple) 板书定义:

to talk about actions finished in the past. I met him last week.（一个具体的过去时间点)

一连串完成的动作,也用过去时排开:

I woke up / had breakfast / went to school.

现在完成时的圆圈图,板书给了两层意思:

对照着看:

I am a big fan of recorded music.（现在的事实) I have been a big fan of recorded music.（从过去一直到现在,而且还在)

be 的两种形态板书列成一行:be / been / have / am / is / are / be / been —— 提醒你 have been 里的 been 是 be 的过去分词,不是"去过"的意思本身。

💬 P1 救场三步:没想法的时候怎么说

以 Do you prefer modern buildings or traditional buildings? 为例,板书给了一个完整的示范:

1. 不知道 —— 先承认

   Um… not sure. (变体:I didn't know / am not sure)

2. 往上找一个"上限" —— 把话头引到一个你确实有话说的大领域

   I haven't been… ／ I've been a big fan of art since I was a kid. (板书标成"找上限")

3. 给结论

   So, I guess I've been to one. ／ So… modern building.

同一个套路换话题照样用:

这三步的价值:它让你在"我根本没偏好"的题上,也能说出 3–4 句有内容的话,而不是干巴巴一句 "I don't care"。

💬 P1:HAVE YOU EVER BEEN to a theme park?(细节怎么铺开)

板书把这一段拆成"主干 + 挂件":

主干:I remembered

为啥(原因):

Because I was obsessed with fairy tales back then.

如何(过去细节):

…together with my family, and we queue up for hours to ride a carousel.

• 板书在这句上标了三层:主语 + 时间 → 动词 → 和 我们干了啥?
• queue up = 排队;板书特意标了 queue up + 好几个小时(hours)

回头看的感受(结尾):

Looking back, I will never do that again. If I could've gone back in time, I would've done it again.

后两句是虚拟语气,一句话就能给整段收尾 —— "回头看"这个短语本身也是 P2 结尾段的好用开头。

另外两个词:

• mean girl —— 刻薄女孩;板书标了 right / back then / 明白,是让你体会"语气词 + 时间词"的对话感;
• 无意识的零嘴（板书原文,指说话时下意识带出来的小词)。

📖 阅读实战:The White Horse of Uffington

文章主题:英格兰山坡上刻的巨型图案(geoglyphs)。

原文关键句(板书划了线):

The cutting of huge figures or 'geoglyphs' into the earth of English hillsides has taken place for more than 3,000 years. There are 56 hill figures scattered around England, with the vast majority on the chalk downlands of the country's southern counties.

The most famous of these figures is perhaps also the most mysterious – the Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire. The White Horse has recently been re-dated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned ancient pre-Roman Iron Age date.

While many historians are convinced the figure is prehistoric, others believe that it was the work of an artistic monk from a nearby priory and was created between the 11th and 15th centuries.

板书给的中文理解:

• 雕刻存在 3000 年;
• 56 图案在英格兰周围,其中(with)大量的图案都在国家的南部;
• 图案包括很多形状;
• 有一两个更老,尽管大部分的起源都在 300 年左右;
• 出名的图案是神秘的;白马重新溯源,甚至比前罗马时代更老旧(older);
• 尽管很多历史学家认为来自史前,其他人觉得这是艺术家的作品,11 到 15 世纪。

做题时读到的答案(板书上打了勾的):

• Q1 Most geoglyphs in England are located in a particular area of the country. → TRUE(原文:the vast majority on the chalk downlands of the country's southern counties)
• Q3 A recent dating of the Uffington White Horse indicates that people were mistaken about its age. → TRUE(原文:has recently been re-dated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned date —— 之前的断代是错的)

这道题的考点:Q3 的 mistaken(搞错了) 对应原文的 re-dated / even older than previously assigned —— 判断题考的就是这种"换一个说法"。

📖 词汇与表达

⚠️ 提醒 / 易错

1. for 也能表原因,不只是"为了"。I stay, for it is safe. —— 这是书面味更重的"因为"。
2. 现在完成时的两个用法要分清:一个讲"从过去持续到现在"(have been a fan since I was a kid),一个讲"结果"(I guess I've been to one)。别和一般过去时混:过去时一定要有"具体时间点"或"一连串完成动作"。
3. 口语卡壳时不要硬想内容,用"找上限"三步:先说不确定,再引到一个你有话说的领域,最后给结论。承认不确定本身不扣分,卡住不出声才扣分。
4. 判断题永远盯"改写":mistaken ↔ re-dated / previously assigned;particular area ↔ southern counties。
5. 板书那句老口诀记牢:主头、谓心脏、宾手脚 —— 句子成分想不清楚时,先找"心脏"(谓语动词)。