📌 这节课讲了什么
这节课两条线:
- 一个万能回答框架 —— I am really into A, but B, because C。板子把它标成绿字,后面所有话题(做饭、哲学、衣服、建筑)都用它跑了一遍。
- 用事实下定义,再修饰 —— 先给一个「大家都知道的事实」下定义:fact 事实 is an objective truth that exists regardless of …;它的另一头是 faith 信仰 is something that does not need evidence;中间夹着 belief。最后把这个定义整句塞进 because 后面,做成 because the whole … thing is not my type。
顺带把 Part 1 喜好题该有的连接词位置(1 but 2 / when 3 / 4 because 5)、几个发音点(class、Have、regardless、just)过了一遍。
🧱 框架一:I am really into A, but B, because C
板子右下角画了连接词的位置,编号是关键:
1 but 2
when 3
4 because 5
也就是说:but 连接两个并列的分句,when 和 because 后面接从句,可以往前挪,也可以往后挂。
课上先用最简单的例子把这个框架跑通:
I wanna sleep but I have class.
When I have class, I wanna stay home, because I hate going to school.
然后换成 cooking 这个话题(板书大标题):
| 位置 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| A | Yeah, I am really into A, because cooking is a skill that I need to learn when i have to live alone. |
| B | I don't always have time |
| C | I am super busy with studies |
板子在 A 那句下面用绿笔改了一版:
that everybody needs to learn
—— 把「我要学」升级成「人人都要学」,定义就从个人经验变成了普遍事实。
划重点:because 后面不要只说形容词,要给一句「事实」。 后面 fact / belief / faith 那一整段,就是教你怎么把「事实」说完整。
🧱 框架二:用事实下定义(fact / belief / faith)
板子把三个概念摆在一根 spectrum(光谱)上:
| 位置 | 板上原句 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 一头 | fact 事实 is an objective truth that exists regardless of N + 句子 | 事实是不以……为转移的客观真相 |
| 另一头 | faith 信仰 is something that does not need evidence | 信仰是不需要证据的东西 |
| 中间 | there is something called belief, which is a conviction that is open to revision based on new evidence | 信念是会根据新证据修正的确信 |
从一头走到另一头 —— 板上的过渡句:
on the other end of the spectrum
说中间 —— 板上给了两个版本,注意后者才是完整句:
In between fact and faith / there is something called belief, which is a conviction that is open to revision based on new evidence.
and, what lies between fact and faith is something called belief, which is a conviction that is open to revision based on new evidence.
第二句用 what lies between … 做了主语 —— 一个从句直接当主语用。
板上的两条批注:
- personal will(个人意志)——「事实」的反面;
- you'd better be —— 板上单独标红的一句。
🧱 框架三:把定义塞进句子 —— the whole … thing
philosophy(哲学)这个话题的示范:
I am not really into A
but B
because the whole faith being something that does not need evidence thing is not my type.
板子用箭头把下面那句 faith 信仰 is something that does not need evidence 拉上来,塞进 the whole ______ thing 中间;塞进去的时候,原来的 is 变成了 being:
| 原句 | 塞进句子后 |
|---|---|
| faith is something that does not need evidence | faith being something that does not need evidence |
two 收尾说法(板上都写了):
is not my type.
not my cup of tea.
前面 science 那段也用了同一个说法:sci-fi 小说 is my cup of tea —— 喜欢和不喜欢,都用同一套词,只是加不加 not。
💬 直接可以说出口的句子
SCIENCE
科幻小说 is my cup of tea, it is appealing compared to 穿越小说 in terms of plot.
traveling novel is boring compared to sci-fi novel.
（板上还记了几个中文描述点:怎么说呢 / 人类渺小 / 外面好奇 / 质量不太好 / 无感 / 某一个地方 / 剧情俗套 / 紧凑。）
CLOTHING
what kind of clothes do you like to wear?
qipao.
qipao is a traditional attire, which usually has many signs designed for happiness, depicting flowers — symbol that has been passed down through generations.
BUILDING
the forbidden city
The forbidden city is a bunch of great buildings which stand out in the city center, and they are symmetrical with perfect layout.
when the sun is shining, 瓦片 tile gleaming with yellow is eye-catching.
最后这句是这节课的描写公式:when + 时间 打头,名词 + 现在分词短语 当主语,最后用 is 收一个形容词。板子把 is 标成「系」,提醒它后面跟的是形容词 eye-catching。
🔊 发音要点
| 板上写的 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| cl 咧嘴 ss | class 的元音要把嘴咧开 |
| Have / HAVE | 同一个词有弱读和重读两种样子 |
| regardless 呃 | 尾巴是弱读的「呃」(schwa) |
| spectrum 呃 | 同上,-um 也是「呃」 |
| jus | just 里的 t 常常不发音 |
板上还练了两句(在 SCIENCE 那段旁边):
betty better buy a bigger bed.
The red dress is for the big kids.
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
- 句子里再套句子,先把 is 变成 being。 板上的箭头就是干这个的:faith is something … → faith being something …。
- with 后面接名词短语,不要接句子:板上两处都是这个结构 —— with | perfect layout、with studies。
- when 是从句,不是并列句。 板子的位置图里,when 单独领着 3 号从句,不能和 but 用同一个位置。
- 「不是我的菜」有两种说法:not my type / not my cup of tea,板上把两句并排放在一起。
- Have 也有重读和弱读:板上写了 HAVE,也写了 Have + something to say。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| fact | 事实 | fact is an objective truth |
| objective truth | 客观真相 | an objective truth that exists |
| regardless of | 不论、不管 | regardless of N + 句子 |
| personal will | 个人意志 | fact 的反面 |
| faith | 信仰 | faith is something that does not need evidence |
| belief | 信念 | something called belief |
| conviction | 确信、坚定的看法 | a conviction that is open to revision |
| revision | 修正 | open to revision based on new evidence |
| evidence | 证据 | need evidence / based on new evidence |
| spectrum | 光谱、谱系 | on the other end of the spectrum |
| in between | 在两者之间 | In between fact and faith |
| what lies between | 位于两者之间的东西 | 主语从句 |
| my cup of tea | 我的菜、我喜欢的 | sci-fi 小说 is my cup of tea |
| not my type | 不是我的类型 | is not my type |
| appealing | 有吸引力的 | it is appealing |
| compared to | 和……相比 | compared to sci-fi novel |
| in terms of | 在……方面 | in terms of plot |
| plot | 情节 | in terms of plot |
| sci-fi | 科幻 | sci-fi novel |
| traveling novel | 穿越小说 | traveling novel is boring |
| boring | 无聊的 | is boring compared to |
| qipao | 旗袍 | qipao is a traditional attire |
| attire | 服装 | a traditional attire |
| designed for | 为……而设计 | designed for happiness |
| depicting | 描绘 | depicting flowers |
| symbol | 象征 | symbol that has been passed down |
| passed down through generations | 代代相传 | passed down through generations |
| forbidden city | 故宫 | the forbidden city |
| a bunch of | 一堆、一片 | a bunch of great buildings |
| stand out | 显眼、突出 | stand out in the city center |
| symmetrical | 对称的 | they are symmetrical |
| layout | 布局 | with perfect layout |
| tile | 瓦片 | 瓦片: tile gleaming with yellow |
| gleaming | 闪着光 | tile gleaming with yellow |
| eye-catching | 抢眼的 | is eye-catching |
| super busy with | 忙得要命 | super busy with studies |
| live alone | 一个人住 | when i have to live alone |
| wanna | 想要(want to) | I wanna sleep |
| don't always have time | 不是总有时间 | but B 的位置 |
📝 两个框架叠起来用
把这节课的两块拼在一起,就是一个完整的 Part 1 喜好回答:
- 骨架 —— I am really into A, but B, because C;
- C 位置的内容 —— because + the whole + 一句定义(being 形式)+ thing + is not my type。
I am not really into A, but B, because the whole faith being something that does not need evidence thing is not my type.
