📌 这节课讲了什么
这节课的关键词是「只划主干动词」。板书上用最大的红字写了六个字:
大写字母 找动词
旁边一行小字写着这么做的目的:
目的:看懂文章走向.
一节课里连着做了四份材料:The concept of intelligence(讲智力这个概念)、David Hone 的 Why zoos are good(做了 18–22 五道判断题)、一篇沉船考古的填空题(31–40,答案当场填在板上),外加一段真实英文(一个 AI 模型评测网站的对比总结)用来现场划动词。
句子结构上顺手抠了四样东西:view ... as ...(把……看作……)、X is used = using / with(表方式)、around / round(地点状语)、以及 so / this / it / that 这一串指代词。
最后留了一条听力上的「偏方」——听语气:形容词 + 名词连着说的时候是有节奏的,靠那个节奏把词组听出来。
🧱 方法:大写字母 → 找动词
板书把「大写字母」和「找动词」并排写在一起,这是一套固定动作:
- 先看大写字母,把长段落切成一段一段的小句子;
- 切完之后,在每段里只划谓语动词,不要见词就划;
- 动词划出来,句子的「头」和「尾」就自己浮出来了,文章走向也就看懂了。
板书上演示的就是一个典型的「头重脚轻」句:
To view life as an automatically good thing is an error.
板书在上面标了两处:「头」是 To view a life(真正的主语,太长了),「尾」是 an error.,中间那个 is 才是这句话的脊梁。找到 is,就知道这句话在说「……是错的」,前面那一大坨不过是主语而已。
同样一句,后半段还埋着一个表达:
view as 看作.
🧱 语法:view ... as ...(把……看作……)
板书把这句话单独抄了一遍,作为 view ... as ... 的样板:
To view life as an automatically good thing is an error.
留意两件事:
- view 后面接 as,as 后面跟的是「被当成什么」——board 上注解:看作;
- 句子真正的主语是 to view 那一段,谓语是 is,所以动词一划就断句了。
同一页上还并排列出了这几个词:
so / this / it / that / this / ......
读到它们要停一下:它们指的都是前面出现过的那件事或那个名词,不要当成新信息。
🧱 语法:X is used = using / with(方式)
板书中间单独画了一个框,写着「双修」:
| 板书 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 主语 X is used | 主语 + is used |
| = using / with | 表示「用什么方式」 |
| 地点状语 around / round | 方位用 around / round |
意思是:一篇讲工具、讲方法的文章里,「X 被用来……」这种被动句会反复出现,而它换一种说法就是 using / with 开头的短语。读的时候把这两种形式当成同一件事,using / with 后面跟的往往就是答案位。
填空题里正好有一个实例:
SHARE WITH NEARBY AUV THAT CARRIES SUPERIOR ......
板书把 SUPERIOR 划了出来,后面那个空(37)要填的正是它「带的最好的东西」。
🔍 长难句拆解
课上划过的几个长句,先找动词再看结构:
| 句子 | 主干 / 说明 |
|---|---|
| The average captive animal will have a greater life expectancy compared with its wild counterpart, and will not die of drought, of starvation or in the jaws of a predator. | 两个谓语并列:will have ... and will not die;后面三个 die of / of / in 并列 |
| A species protected in captivity can be bred up to provide a reservoir population against a population crash or extinction in the wild. | 主干是 A species can be bred up,protected in captivity 是后置修饰 |
| Still more only exist in the wild because they have been reintroduced from zoos, or have wild populations that have been boosted by captive bred animals. | 两个 have 并列,第二个 have 后面又挂了一个 that 从句 |
| Although reintroduction successes are few and far between, the numbers are increasing, and the very fact that species have been saved or reintroduced as a result of captive breeding proves the value of such initiatives. | 让步从句 + 两个主句;the very fact that ... 里的 that 从句才是主语的核心 |
| AUV can send data to another AUV that has better cameras, for example | 板书写成 SHARE WITH NEARBY AUV THAT CARRIES SUPERIOR —— 同样的「名词 + that 从句」结构 |
板书在 Why zoos are good 的 B 段旁边随手圈了这些词:reservoir population / that / have wild populations / have been boosted / by captive bred animals——它们就是这个段落里动词链的落点。
📝 这节课练了什么:判断题 18–22(Why zoos are good)
这是 David Hone 的文章,副标题写得明明白白:
Scientist David Hone makes the case for zoos
板书在文章旁边把五个理由用中文列了一遍:
- 动物园 = 野外好
- 饮食好 / 健康
- 行动受限但安全
- 不受威胁更长寿
- 把他看成理所应当是错误的
对应的 A 段原句:
In my view, it is perfectly possible for many species of animals living in zoos or wildlife parks to have a quality of life as high as, or higher than, in the wild.
五道判断题(题干照板书原样):
- 18 An animal is likely to live longer in a zoo than in the wild.
- 19 There are some species in zoos which can no longer be found in the wild.
- 20 Improvements in the quality of TV wildlife documentaries have resulted in increased numbers of zoo visitors.
- 21 Zoos have always excelled at transmitting information about animals to the public.
- 22 Studying animals in zoos is less stressful for the animals than studying them in the wild.
题干 ↔ 原文对照(板书在这些句子下面划了线):
| 题干 | 原文对照 |
|---|---|
| 18 | The average captive animal will have a greater life expectancy compared with its wild counterpart, and will not die of drought, of starvation or in the jaws of a predator. |
| 19 | A good number of species only exist in captivity, with many of these living in zoos. |
| 20 | While it is true that television documentaries are becoming ever more detailed and impressive, ... and many natural history specimens are on display in museums, there really is nothing to compare with seeing a living creature in the flesh |
| 21 | Zoos also provide education.(C 段开头) |
| 22 | 板书未划出对应句 |
C 段整段也读了一遍:
Zoos also provide education. Many children and adults, especially those in cities, will never see a wild animal beyond a fox or pigeon. While it is true that television documentaries are becoming ever more detailed and impressive, and many natural history specimens are on display in museums, there really is nothing to compare with seeing a living creature in the flesh, hearing it, smelling it, watching what it does and having the time to absorb details. That alone will bring a greater understanding and perspective to many, and hopefully give them a greater appreciation for wildlife, conservation efforts and how they can contribute.
注意最后那句里的并列:seeing it, hearing it, smelling it, watching what it does and having the time to absorb details —— 五个动作一串,这就是「划动词」要划的东西。
📝 这节课练了什么:填空题 31–40(The hunt for sunken settlements and ancient shipwrecks)
板的左边是题干,右边是当场填出来的答案。整理如下(答案就是板书上填的):
ATLIT-YAM
- was a village on coast of eastern Mediterranean
- thrived until about 7,000 BC
- stone homes had a courtyard
- had a semicircle of large stones round a 31 …… → spring
- cause of destruction unknown – now under the sea
- biggest settlement from the prehistoric period found on the seabed
- research carried out into structures, 32 …… and human remains → Tools
TRADITIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVs)
- used in the oil industry, e.g. to make 33 …… → maps
- problems: they were expensive and 34 …… → heavy
LATEST AUVs
- much easier to use, relatively cheap, sophisticated
Tests:
- Marzamemi, Sicily: found ancient Roman ships carrying architectural elements made of 35 …… → MARBLE
Underwater internet:
- 36 …… is used for short distance communication, acoustic waves for long distance → Light
- plans for communication with researchers by satellite
- AUV can send data to another AUV that has better 37 …… , for example → cameras
Planned research in Gulf of Baratti:
- to find out more about wrecks of ancient Roman ships, including
- one carrying 38 …… supplies; tablets may have been used for cleaning the 39 …… → medical / ice
- others carrying containers of olive oil or 40 …… → wine
板书在空白旁边还留了几条推测的痕迹:
| 板书旁注 | 对应哪一空 |
|---|---|
| to create maps of compass and sona.(sonar) | 33 maps |
| 材料:(圈起来) | 35 marble |
| carries superior? | 37 cameras 那一句的结构 |
| cleansing liquid for the ice / others held wine? | 39 / 40 |
| centimeters? cm | 单位提示 |
| auv can short distance data using light | 36 Light 那一句 |
📝 课上读的真实材料:一段模型评测
板书上贴了一张手机截图(20:00,artificialanalysis.ai 的 Comparison Summary),用来练「在真实英文里只划主干动词」。原文照录:
DeepSeek V4 Pro (Reasoning, High Effort) is amongst the leading models in intelligence and reasonably priced when comparing to other open weight models of similar size. It's also slower than average and somewhat verbose. The model supports text input, outputs text, and has a 1M tokens context window.
DeepSeek V4 Pro (Reasoning, High Effort) scores 43 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it well above average among comparable models (median: 25). When evaluating the Intelligence Index, it generated 100M tokens, which is somewhat verbose in comparison to the median of 98M.
Pricing for DeepSeek V4 Pro (Reasoning, High Effort) is $0.43 per 1M input tokens (moderately priced, median: $0.43) and $0.87 per 1M output tokens (moderately priced, median: $1.20). In total, it cost $108.77 to evaluate DeepSeek V4 Pro (Reasoning, High Effort) on the Intelligence Index.
At 65 tokens per second, DeepSeek V4 Pro (Reasoning, High Effort) is slower than average (66).
板书的批注:
- ds 是领先模型
- it's slower and/so it is adj —— 两个谓语并列,后面的形容词只出现一次
- 圈起来的一行:智力 / 价格 / 对比其他的开源模型(这三件事就是上面几段各自在讲的东西)
- model supports text input, and has a 1M tokens
- 1-2 = 1token(板书的记号)
- DS scores 43 / aAI index / ,并且
💬 课上划过的句子
Looked at in one way, everyone knows what intelligence is; looked at in another way, no one does. In other words, people all have unconscious notions – known as 'implicit theories' – of intelligence, but no one knows for certain what it actually is.
This chapter addresses how people conceptualize intelligence, whatever it may actually be.
But why should we even care what people think intelligence is, as opposed to only valuing whatever it actually is? There are at least four reasons people's conceptions of intelligence matter.
Animals in good zoos get a varied and high-quality diet with all the supplements required, and any illnesses they might have will be treated.
Their movement might be somewhat restricted, but they have a safe environment in which to live, and they are spared bullying and social ostracism by others of their kind.
A lot of very nasty things happen to truly 'wild' animals that simply don't happen in good zoos, and to view a life that is 'free' as one that is automatically 'good' is, I think, an error.
Firstly, zoos aid conservation. Colossal numbers of species are becoming extinct across the world, and many more are increasingly threatened and therefore risk extinction.
Moreover, some of these collapses have been sudden, dramatic and unexpected, or were simply discovered very late in the day.
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| implicit theories | 内隐的理论 | known as 'implicit theories' of intelligence |
| unconscious | 无意识的 | unconscious notions |
| conceptualize | 把……概念化 | how people conceptualize intelligence |
| captive | 圈养的 | the average captive animal |
| counterpart | 对应的一方 | compared with its wild counterpart |
| life expectancy | 预期寿命 | have a greater life expectancy |
| predator | 捕食者 | in the jaws of a predator |
| parasite | 寄生虫 | the irritation and pain of parasites |
| ostracism | 排斥 | bullying and social ostracism |
| conservation | 保护 | zoos aid conservation |
| extinct | 灭绝 | species are becoming extinct |
| reservoir population | 储备种群 | provide a reservoir population |
| reintroduce | 重新引入 | reintroduced from zoos |
| captive breeding | 圈养繁殖 | captive bred animals |
| initiative | 举措 | the value of such initiatives |
| in the flesh | 活生生地、亲眼 | seeing a living creature in the flesh |
| settlement | 定居点 | sunken settlements |
| shipwreck | 沉船 | ancient shipwrecks |
| courtyard | 庭院 | stone homes had a courtyard |
| semicircle | 半圆 | a semicircle of large stones |
| seabed | 海床 | found on the seabed |
| autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) | 自主水下航行器 | TRADITIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES |
| sophisticated | 精密的 | relatively cheap, sophisticated |
| architectural elements | 建筑构件 | carrying architectural elements |
| marble | 大理石 | made of marble |
| acoustic waves | 声波 | acoustic waves for long distance |
| satellite | 卫星 | communication with researchers by satellite |
| compass | 指南针 | to create maps of compass and sonar |
| sonar | 声呐 | 板书写成 sona |
| leading models | 领先模型 | amongst the leading models |
| verbose | 啰嗦的 | somewhat verbose |
| median | 中位数 | median: 25 |
| tokens | 词元 | a 1M tokens context window |
| context window | 上下文窗口 | has a 1M tokens context window |
| moderately priced | 价格适中 | moderately priced |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
- 只划主干动词,不要见动词就划,更不要见名词就划——名词听不太懂可以先放着,动词听住了句子就不会散。
- 大写字母是切句子的刀,切完再找动词,顺序不要颠倒。
- view / see / regard ... as ... 是「把……看作……」,as 不能丢。
- X is used 和 using / with 是一回事,读到被动句就想想它的主动形式。
- 地点状语用 around / round,不要用别的介词乱代。
- 最后一页的听力偏方:听语气。形容词 + 名词连读时是有一个固定节奏的,板书用 abababababaab da da 记这个节奏——听出节奏,词组就断出来了。
