📌 这节课讲了什么
这是一节句子分析课,用两套听力 Part 2(儿童读书节 / 跑步俱乐部)和一个阅读 Matching Information(深海采矿)当样本,把「读句子」这件事拆开讲了一遍。
三条主线:
- 句子分析是压舱石。 名词后面紧接的
doing不是随便出现的 —— 它是后置定语,等于形容词,等于中文的「……的」。看懂这一条,长句就塌不下来。 - 定位信息要有 X Y Z。 落答案之前,先在题干里挑出能定位的词,再回原文对坐标。
- 听力选择题读题要读出声。
read it, move lips, twice time;做题时try to avoid the trap, wait till the end。
课上反复出现的一句提醒:「句子整体分析能力。脑子 = 中文。英文顺序 + 中文顺序。」
🧱 方法:听力选择题的两个动作
板书上的原话:
- read it move lips twice time
- try to avoid the trap. wait till the end.
- 读题要读两遍,读的时候嘴唇要动 —— 让声音进脑子,而不是只用眼睛扫一遍。
- 陷阱都埋在半句上,答案在最后。 不要听到一个像答案的词就落笔,等句子说完。
第 11–16 题就是这样:题干把 A–H 八个选项整框圈起来,让你先记住这八个「信息类型」,再一条一条往下对。第 17/18 题的处理方式是把录音里的关键词排成一个圈:
| 板书圈里的关键词 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| first book | 第一本书 |
| boy from S comes to UK | 来自索马里的男孩来到英国 |
| immigration issue | 移民问题 |
| (language barrier) | (语言障碍) |
| cry with laughter | 笑出声 |
| drawings | 插画 |
| vocabulary | 词汇 |
答案就是这样从圈里连线出去的。
🧱 方法:定位信息要有 X Y Z
阅读 Matching Information 的题面:
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
板书在题号下面列了一串,但只写了第 14 题的坐标,15、16 两行是空的:
14. 快速增长 + raw material 交通
15.
16.
下面紧接着一句,被红笔圈起来:
落答案的时候 一定要 找坐标 X Y Z
第 17 题的坐标演示得最完整(板书右侧还写了 X Y Z 三个字母):
| 题干里的成分 | 原文/笔记里的对应 |
|---|---|
| the countries of the world | global |
| have yet to | 尚未 / yet drafted |
| agree on rules | regulatory framework. |
| the exploration of the seabed | 深海海底的勘探 |
板书给这一题的答案是 E。
📐 语法点一:定语 = 形容词 = 「……的」
板书用「停车场找车」把这件事讲透了:
- 你问:哪一辆车是你的??
- 我说:红色的那辆
- 哦,原来是红色的。
- 我(手指)→ 定。定位到了 → 寻找 → 你。
结论链:
因为我要告诉你哪辆车是我的,所以你就知道,所以你能坐上。 形容词 - 红色的 adj 红色的车是我的.
然后板书自问自答:
问:哪一个词帮助你定位到哪一辆是你要找的车呢? 答:红色的: 红色的 - 形容词 因为 你因为形容词定位到. 红色的 - 定位词 红色的 - 在句子里 是 定语 所以 定语 = 形容词 以上要记住.
形容词的目的是「指定」 —— 中文讲形容词,都会加一个「的」。板书还贴了词典截图,adj. 底下一条条释义(红的,红色的;(毛发)红褐色的;(脸)涨红的;(纸牌中)红桃的,红方块的;(葡萄酒)红的;(滑雪道上用红色标志指示)第二高难度的;指冷战期间用于指前苏联);沾有鲜血的……),右上角写着一个大大的 的。
板书由此排出一张「阶梯」:
简单的形容在上面. 复杂的形容 从句 定语
📐 语法点二:名词后面紧接的 doing = 后置定语
「A man standing.」 —— 板书用这个短语开了整段讲解:
如果你看到 在一个名词后面 有一个紧接的 ing 形式的动词,那么 这个动词 在你脑子里 应该形成一个声音. 1. standing = 中文意思 翻译一下 = 站着 2. 在一个名词后面 有一个紧接的 ing 形式的动词 = 是定语 = 是形容词 = ……的
为什么需要它? 板书先摆出照片(吃蛋糕的人、大厅里站着的人、跳舞的人),然后说:
如果我要告诉你 站着的那个人 是我的朋友,是不是 没有一个简单的「形容词」能做到. 所以 很多时候 不能只有 美丽的 高的 矮的 形容人. 更多时候 是 动词
于是有了这条链:
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 站着的 人 | the man standing. |
| (跳舞的 人) | the man dancing. |
| (吃东西的 人) | the man eating. |
| (吃蛋糕的 人) | the man eating a piece of cake |
| (喝咖啡的 人) | the man drinking coffee |
| (同样意思,换成从句) | the man that is drinking coffee |
板书右侧把道理写成了「变身」:
red 天生就是形容词 → 红色的 车 stand 天生是一个动词 → stand 做一个变体,告诉你 他变成了「形容词」 定语从句 / 后置定语 stand 要加 ing —— 他不叫动名词(现在分词) 既然告诉了你 后置 = 摆后面;要做变体 = +ing 这样 stand+ing 如果摆在「人」后面 = 形容词 = 定语
动词后面还要有宾语:
讲了 动词 + 是不是就得 有 一个 宾语? 比如 吃「蛋糕」cake. eating + cake drink 喝 → drinking 是喝的 → drinking coffee 喝咖啡的.
分词的两副面孔(板书原文):
现在分词 = doing 过去分词 = -ed / 别的过去分词形式
「后置」是什么意思(板书原文):
定语 / 后置 → 把定语往后放. 定语 = 形容词 形容词在后面 车:红色的 →(中文习惯)简洁
below the sea surface(地点)这类介宾短语,也是摆在名词后面干同样的活。
📐 语法点三:逗号 + doing,挂在句子旁边,翻译成「从而」
板书单独列了一串:
disturbing
, doing = 挂
依附于句子旁边,
翻译:
从而.
, allowing
, providing
, running
, disturbing
旁边单写一个「从而」。
也就是说:当 doing 前面带逗号、挂在主句边上的时候,它不修饰某一个名词,而是给整句补一个结果或伴随,中文顺下来就是「从而……」。
原文里的例子:
'Extraction methods would produce large sediment plumes and involve the discharge of waste back into the ocean, significantly disturbing seafloor environments,' the paper continues.
🔍 长难句拆解(板书上真拆了的那几句)
1. those leading …
those leading the global rush to place giant mining machines thousands of metres below the sea surface.
板书把这一句整条画上红圈,并在下方拆开:
| 成分 | 板书给的解释 |
|---|---|
| those | 人(中文「……的人」) |
| leading | 推动(+宾语);N+leading = 推动……的 |
| to place | rush 的目的 |
| below the sea surface | 在海底 |
结构线:
推动(全球将大型采矿设备布置在几千米深海之下)的 人(those) those leading …… 推动 …… 的
整句中文(板书原文):
推动全球将大型采矿设备布置在几千米深海之下的人认为,与陆地采矿相比,深海采矿对环境的影响将小得多。
2. 两处同义改写,板书特意点了出来
far lower than on—— 板书注:sea impact / 与之相比 低于 LANDsay—— 板书注:后置定语
📝 这节课练了什么(真题与答案)
听力 Test 3 · Children's book festival(第 11–20 题)
第 11–16 题:八个信息类型 A–H,配对六个工作坊。板书写的答案是:
| 题号 | 工作坊 | 答案 |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Superheroes | C |
| 12 | Just do it | D — 板书旁注 involves a drama activity / role play. |
| 13 | Count on me | F |
| 14 | Speak up | g |
| 15 | Jump for joy | b |
| 16 | Sticks and stones | H |
第 17–18 题(Alive and Kicking 推荐理由):D、E。 板书把 A、B 两行划掉,C 打了问号,D 划了线、E 圈了起来;圈里那两个关键词(cry with laughter / immigration issue)用红线连到 D 和 E 上。
第 19–20 题(给家长的建议):B、C。 A、E 被划掉;"listen to audio books" 和 "Librarians should be able to help you with this." 在原文里被划了线。
听力 Test 4 · Compton Park Runners Club(第 11–20 题)
第 11–12 题(训练计划的问题):C、E。板书圈出的原文:
- help people build up to 5 km
- all ages welcomed / easy to follow
- has to be fit.(对应 C:不适合有健康问题的人)
- no answers(对应 E:没有人给个人化的解答)
右侧笔记:5 kms / 5-km races across the country / another thing is different. / questions / no answers。
第 13–14 题(给新手的建议):A、D。板书右侧的绿色笔记就是答案本身:
music is good / better than friends / time doesn't matter / regularly 2 times a week
第 15–18 题(四个人为什么迟迟没加入):
| 成员 | 板书答案 | 原文依据(板书划线处) |
|---|---|---|
| 15 Ceri | A | worried about being left behind and being the slowest runner |
| 16 James | B | had always hated the idea of running |
| 17 Leo | C | wasn't sure he'd be able to fit training into his busy schedule |
| 18 Mark | A | never considered himself to be a sporty person / took him months to find the courage to contact us |
板书旁的笔记:put off running / being left behind / leo: worrying committing / mark: not a sports person. 5 km try months to find the courage.
第 19 题:板书没有写答案字母,只留了三组关键词 —— husband running / never dreamt、4 hours / giving up、spectator keep me going.,对应的原文句是:
I felt like giving up halfway through – it was only the support of the spectators that kept me going.
第 20 题:B。板书圈出的原文是 "after you've been training for a few weeks, it's worth putting your name down for a 5K",旁边写着:
I do think signing up for a race of whatever length is motivating. whether it's 5k to 25K
阅读 Matching Information(深海采矿)
- 第 16 题:板书用箭头把题干连到原文 "The mineral-rich vents and their surrounds are also home to many well-known animals" 那一句上,并写下一句做题心法:「题目难的文章简单;题目简单的文章趋于难。」
- 第 17 题:答案 E,坐标见前面的 X Y Z 表;"agree" 一词旁边标了 复杂词.
🔁 同义替换核对
| 题目/题干可能这么写 | 录音/原文其实是这么说 |
|---|---|
| It is funny | this one actually made me cry with laughter |
| It deals with an important topic | the serious issues of immigration … the language barrier |
| It has colourful illustrations(错) | simple but hilarious black and white sketches |
| The author is well known(错) | You won't have heard of the author as it's her first book |
| Allow children to listen to audio books | if you don't have time for this, then let them listen to audio books |
| Get recommendations from librarians | Librarians should be able to help you with this |
| Only read aloud until they can read independently(错) | parents give up reading aloud as soon as they learn to read independently, but this is a mistake |
| They are unsuitable for people with health issues | especially if you suffer from something like a heart condition or asthma |
| There is a lack of individual support | there's no one to provide any answers |
| doing two runs a week | aim to train regularly – twice a week is enough |
| listening to music during runs | Listening to music can be very helpful – it takes your mind off things |
| going on runs with a friend(错) | that is better than running with a friend |
| running in the evening(错) | I don't think the time of day is especially important |
| running very slowly(错) | you've been told to run very slowly … well, I find that can prevent progress |
| countries of the world / have yet to agree on rules | global / 尚未 · yet drafted / regulatory framework. |
阅读里可以一并记住的两个词对:
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| far lower than on land | 与之相比 低于 LAND(sea impact 更小) |
| home to many well-known animals | 是许多知名动物的家园 |
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| hydrothermal vents | 热液喷口 | which are created when seawater meets volcanic magma |
| volcanic magma | 火山岩浆 | seawater meets volcanic magma |
| biodiversity | 生物多样性 | crucial impacts upon biodiversity |
| crustaceans | 甲壳类动物 | including crustaceans, tubeworms… |
| tubeworms | 管虫 | |
| clams | 蛤蜊 | |
| slugs | 海蛞蝓 | |
| anemones | 海葵 | |
| sediment plumes | 沉积物羽流 | produce large sediment plumes |
| discharge | 排放 | the discharge of waste back into the ocean |
| seafloor environments | 海底环境 | significantly disturbing seafloor environments |
| grave threat | 严重威胁 | poses a grave threat to these vital seabed functions |
| extraction methods | 开采方法 | |
| untapped potential | 未开发的潜力 | explore this untapped potential |
| environmentally sustainable | 环境可持续的 | in an environmentally sustainable way |
| fast depleting | 快速消耗的 | the fast depleting land resources of the planet |
| off-limits | 禁区、不许进入的 | must be off-limits for mining |
| spin-offs | 衍生成果 | biotechnology spin-offs |
| strict controls | 严格管控 | strict controls must be in place elsewhere |
| distractions | 让人分心的事 | There are so many distractions for kids these days |
| read aloud | 朗读 | give up reading aloud to their children |
| independently | 独立地 | learn to read independently |
| audio books | 有声书 | listen to audio books |
| mental note | 心里记下 | make a mental note of the type of books |
| genre | 类型、体裁 | read the same genre all the time |
| librarians | 图书管理员 | Librarians should be able to help you with this |
| sketches | 素描、简笔画 | black and white sketches of the boy |
| hearing impaired | 听力受损 | 板书在剧本旁标注「听力受损」 |
| deaf | 聋的 | a chance for deaf children |
| role play | 角色扮演 | an opportunity to do some role play |
| Jamaican roots | 牙买加血统 | learn about their Jamaican roots |
| steel drums | 钢鼓 | play steel drums |
| taster session | 体验课 | come along for a taster session |
| put off | 使……打消念头 | they've been put off running |
| left behind | 被落在后面 | worried about being left behind |
| spectators | 观众 | the support of the spectators that kept me going |
| marathon | 马拉松 | I did my first marathon when I was 37 |
| heart condition / asthma | 心脏病 / 哮喘 | |
| average fitness | 一般的体能 | aimed at people with average fitness and running ability |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
- 名词后面紧接的 doing 一定要在脑子里「出声」 —— 它是定语,是「……的」,不是另一个谓语。看到
the man drinking coffee就直接读成「喝咖啡的人」。 - 分不清修饰谁,先找名词。 板书那条链是:简单的形容在上面 → 复杂的形容 → 从句 → 定语。摆不到名词前面的,就往后放(后置)。
- 逗号 + doing 是另一回事 —— 它挂在句子旁边,翻译成「从而」,别硬塞给前面的名词。
- 听力:不要听到像答案的词就落笔。
try to avoid the trap. wait till the end. - 落答案前先找坐标(X Y Z)。 题干里的「快速增长 + raw material + 交通」这种词,才是你在原文里要对的坐标。
- 板书留空的地方(阅读第 15、16 题的坐标行,听力第 19 题的答案字母)不要瞎填 —— 课上没有写,复习时回原文自己补。





