📌 这节课讲了什么
这是 Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 1 阅读的限时复盘课。整份限时 43 分 25 秒做完,三篇分开计时:Passage 1 用 11 分 25 秒、错 1 个;Passage 2 用 15 分钟、错 1 个;Passage 3 用 18 分、错 3 个 —— 一共错 5 个,得分 8.0,箭头指向 目标 8.5,差的就是第三篇。
这节课不是重讲文章大意,而是把每一个答案拉回原文:1–6 的填空答案全是原文原词,7–13 的判断题靠的是"原文到底说没说",第三篇的四选一则卡在几个抽象说法上 —— unbiased / even-handed、doesn't quite hit the mark、differen from(不同于)。
三篇的主题依次是:伦敦地铁的诞生(The development of the London underground railway)、体育场的过去与未来(Stadiums: past, present and future)、查理二世的逃亡记(To catch a king)。
⏱️ 时间与错题分布
板书从左到右写下了三篇的用时和错题数:
| 篇目 | 用时 | 错题 |
|---|---|---|
| Passage 1(1–13 题) | 11 分 25 秒 | 错 1 个 |
| Passage 2(14–26 题) | 15 分钟 | 错 1 个 |
| Passage 3(27–40 题) | 18 分…… | 错 3 个 |
整份合计 错 5 个,得分 8.0 —— 目标 8.5。板书第三篇用时后面还有三个字难以辨认,这里只记能看清的部分。
Passage 1 的题目旁边还留了一行读文节奏:
5 分半 + 90 秒 · 读 6 段 · 1 分钟做题
Passage 2 的 14 题旁写着 3 分钟,E 段旁写着 15 分钟。
一句话看懂这份数据:错题数在第三篇翻了三倍,时间也在第三篇最长 —— 前面两篇省下来的时间,最后并没有换成正确率。
📝 Passage 1:The development of the London underground railway(错 1 个)
题型:表格填空(1–6)+ TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN(7–13)。
表格填空 1–6:答案与原文出处
| 题号 | 答案 | 原文里长这样 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | population | In the first half of the 1800s, London's population grew at an astonishing rate |
| 2 | suburbs | His idea was to relocate the poor workers who lived in the inner-city slums to newly constructed suburbs |
| 3 | businessmen | Pearson's ideas gained support amongst some businessmen |
| 4 | funding | The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a radical and expensive scheme |
| 5 | press | the critical articles printed by the press |
| 6 | soil | A two-metre-deep layer of soil was laid on top of the tunnel |
这道大题的关键动作:题干里的词几乎原封不动出现在原文里 —— increased rapidly ↔ grew at an astonishing rate、move people to better housing ↔ relocate the poor workers、problems getting ↔ had difficulty in raising。填空不是靠理解,是靠定位。
判断题 7–13:答案
| 题号 | 答案 | 板书备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | FALSE | |
| 8 | NG | 板书在这个答案前打了个勾 ✓ |
| 9 | true | |
| 10 | T | 板书旁注 differen from = 不同于 |
| 11 | F | |
| 12 | F | |
| 13 | NG |
题干 ↔ 原文对照(课上划出来的句子)
7 Other countries had built underground railways before the Metropolitan line opened. → The Metropolitan line, which opened on 10 January 1863, was the world's first underground railway.
8 More people than predicted travelled on the Metropolitan line on the first day. → On its first day, almost 40,000 passengers were carried between Paddington and Farringdon, the journey taking about 18 minutes.
9 The use of ventilation shafts failed to prevent pollution in the tunnels. → However, smoke and fumes remained a problem, even though ventilation shafts were added to the tunnels.
10 A different approach from the 'cut and cover' technique was required in London's central area. → The 'cut and cover' method of construction was not an option in this part of the capital. The only alternative was to tunnel deep underground.
11 The windows on City & South London trains were at eye level. → The carriages were narrow and had tiny windows just below the roof.
12 The City & South London Railway was a financial success. → Although the City & South London Railway was a great technical achievement, it did not make a profit.
13 Trains on the 'Tuppenny Tube' nearly always ran on time. → Then, in 1900, the Central London Railway, known as the 'Tuppenny Tube', began operation using new electric locomotives. It was very popular and soon afterwards new railways and extensions were added to the growing tube network.
课上写在原文旁边的三条批注
| 板书批注 | 指的是原文哪一句 |
|---|---|
| brick walls 是解决办法 | Brick walls were then constructed, and finally a brick arch was added to create a tunnel. |
| M line | The Metropolitan line, which opened on 10 January 1863 ... |
| 实用引擎(水/蒸汽 / 有废气 加了通风还有…… | the line used specially designed locomotives that were fitted with water tanks in which steam could be condensed. However, smoke and fumes remained a problem, even though ventilation shafts were added to the tunnels. |
注意那行「有废气」的批注:它对应的就是第 9 题 —— 加了通风,烟和废气仍然是问题,所以题干说 ventilation shafts "failed to prevent pollution" 是成立的。
📝 Passage 2:Stadiums: past, present and future(错 1 个)
题型:段落信息匹配(14–17)+ 后面一组匹配题。
14–17:答案
| 题号 | 答案 | 板书 |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | A | 答案 A 上打了一个叉 ✗ |
| 15 | F | |
| 16 | E | |
| 17 | D |
23–24:答案
板书另写了两条:23 C、24 E。
屏幕上出现的选项 C facilitating research into solar and wind energy solutions 被红笔圈了出来,旁边写:
方法 / 解决 / 问题
板书按编号列出的这组词(8–12)
| 板书编号 | 词 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | fortress | 堡垒 |
| 9 | bullfights | 斗牛 |
| 10 | opera(板书写作 oepera) | 歌剧院–声场 |
| 11 | salt | 盐(盐库) |
| 12 | shops | 店铺 |
段落边上的批注与对应原文
| 段落 | 批注 | 对应原文 |
|---|---|---|
| A | 能做竞技场 / 有其他用 | Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair. |
| C | 能做市场 | But rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square |
| C–D | 体育场的弊端 / 热./能耗高 | Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat. |
| E | 多功能 · 15 分钟 | There's a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children's playgrounds and green space. |
| F | 新方法– 电(整段圈出) | The phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of a smart grid |
| G | 很重要 / 竞技场对城市 | Sporting arenas have always been central to the life and culture of cities. |
这篇的定位线索是"功能":能做竞技场、能做市场、能做发电站 —— 段落信息匹配题问的往往不是"这段讲了什么",而是"这段里的这个东西能干什么"。
📝 Passage 3:To catch a king(错 3 个)
Anna Keay reviews Charles Spencer's book about the hunt for King Charles II during the English Civil War of the seventeenth century.
27–31:答案
| 27 H* | 28 J | 29 F* | 30 B | 31 D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
板书在 27 和 29 的答案后面各打了一个星号 *,旁边两条批注:
重新加冕为王 · 找人记录生平
「重新加冕为王」对应原文里的 after his restoration as king(板书在 restoration 一句下划了线);「找人记录生平」对应的是原文里查理二世请 Samuel Pepys 把这段经历记下来的那一句(ask Pepys to commit his ... recollections)。
32–35:答案
| 题号 | 答案 |
|---|---|
| 32 | NG |
| 33 | NO |
| 34 | NO |
| 35 | yes |
36–40:答案
| 题号 | 答案 | 板书 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 | B | |
| 37 | C | |
| 38 | B | 板书在 B 上打叉 ✗ |
| 39 | B | 旁注 unbiased / even-handed |
| 40 | D | D 被圈出,选项里的关键句下划了线 |
判断题 32–35 的原文依据
32 Charles chose Pepys for the task because he considered him to be trustworthy. 原文对应的是 requested a meeting with the writer and diarist Samuel Pepys —— 只说了"请了他",没说他选 Pepys 的理由是"可信"。
33 Charles's personal recollection of the escape lacked sufficient detail. → One of the joys of Spencer's book, a result not least of its use of Charles II's own narrative as well as those of his supporters, is just how close the reader gets to the action. The day-by-day retelling of the fugitives' doings provides delicious details: the cutting of the king's long hair with agricultural shears, the use of walnut leaves to dye his pale skin, and the day Charles spent lying on a branch of the great oak tree in Boscobel Wood as the Parliamentary soldiers scoured the forest floor below. —— 原文给的细节多到这种程度,说它 "lacked sufficient detail" 当然对不上。
34 Charles indicated to Pepys that he had planned his escape before the battle. → 查理二世自己讲的原话是:"After the battle was so absolutely lost as to be beyond hope of recovery, I began to think of the best way of saving myself." —— 是打完败仗之后才想怎么逃。
35 The inclusion of Charles's account is a positive aspect of the book. → 就是上面 33 题那句:One of the joys of Spencer's book, a result not least of its use of Charles II's own narrative —— 把"用了查理二世本人的叙述"直接写成"这本书的乐趣之一"。
四选一 36–40 的定位点
| 题号 | 讲的是第几段 | 板书定位到的原文 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 | 第一段 | 查理二世接受 Presbyterianism 换王位那一段:the young Charles II sacrificed one of the very principles his father had died for and did a deal with the Scots, thereby accepting Presbyterianism* as the national religion in return for being crowned King of Scots. |
| 37 | 第三段 | examples of the fugitives' behaviour —— 就是 the cutting of the king's long hair with agricultural shears、the use of walnut leaves to dye his pale skin 那串细节 |
| 38 | 第四段 | Charles's adventures after losing the Battle of Worcester hide the uncomfortable truth that whilst almost everyone in England had been appalled by the execution of his father, they had not welcomed the arrival of his son with the Scots army, but had instead firmly bolted their doors. |
| 39 | 第五段 | He has even-handed sympathy for both the fugitive king and the fierce republican regime that hunted him, and he succeeds in his desire to explore more of the background of the story than previous books on the subject have done. |
| 40 | 题干没点名段落 | Would Charles II have been a different king had these six weeks never happened? The days and nights spent in hiding must have affected him in some way. Did the need to assume disguises, to survive on wit and charm alone, to use trickery and subterfuge to escape from tight corners help form him? This is the one area where the book doesn't quite hit the mark. |
第 40 题为什么选 D:板书把 "doesn't quite hit the mark" 和选项 D 的 "it fails to address whether Charles II's experiences had a lasting influence on him" 用箭头连了起来 —— "六个星期对他到底有没有影响" 这个问题,书里没回答。
第 39 题为什么选 B:题干问 reviewer 怎么评价 Spencer,板书在旁边写了两个同义词 —— unbiased(不偏不倚)、even-handed(两边都顾到),正好对上选项 B 的 "He takes an unbiased approach to the subject matter."
🔁 同义替换核对
三篇的答案,几乎都能在原文里找到"换了个说法的那一句"。把课上划出来的配对整理在一起,复习的时候只看这一张表就够:
| 题干 / 选项里的说法 | 原文里的说法 | 题号 |
|---|---|---|
| increased rapidly | grew at an astonishing rate | 1 |
| move people to better housing | relocate the poor workers ... to newly constructed suburbs | 2 |
| agreed with Pearson's idea | gained support amongst some businessmen | 3 |
| had problems getting the funding | had difficulty in raising the funding | 4 |
| negative articles | critical articles printed by the press | 5 |
| the tunnel was covered with ... | a two-metre-deep layer of soil was laid on top of the tunnel | 6 |
| Other countries had built ... before the Metropolitan line opened | the world's first underground railway | 7 |
| failed to prevent pollution | smoke and fumes remained a problem | 9 |
| a different approach ... was required | the 'cut and cover' method was not an option ... The only alternative was to tunnel deep underground | 10 |
| at eye level | tiny windows just below the roof | 11 |
| a financial success | it did not make a profit | 12 |
| a mention of negative attitudes | regarded with growing scepticism ... fallen into disuse and disrepair | 14 |
| 能做市场 | but rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square | Passage 2 |
| takes an unbiased approach | He has even-handed sympathy for both the fugitive king and the fierce republican regime that hunted him | 39 |
| it fails to address whether ... had a lasting influence on him | This is the one area where the book doesn't quite hit the mark | 40 |
这张表只需要记住一件事:题干和原文不会用同一个词。定位词可以是原词(填空 1–6 基本就是),但真正决定对错的那一句,一定是换了说法的 —— 12 题的 financial success ↔ did not make a profit、11 题的 at eye level ↔ just below the roof,都是"反着说"的典型。
💬 课上划线的句子(原文原样)
The 'cut and cover' method of construction was not an option in this part of the capital. The only alternative was to tunnel deep underground.
The carriages were narrow and had tiny windows just below the roof because it was thought that passengers would not want to look out at the tunnel walls.
Although the City & South London Railway was a great technical achievement, it did not make a profit.
Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.
The amphitheatre* of Arles in southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps the best example of just how versatile stadiums can be.
It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world's prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.
These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.
Years later, after his restoration as king, the 50-year-old Charles II requested a meeting with the writer and diarist Samuel Pepys.
... thereby accepting Presbyterianism* as the national religion in return for being crowned King of Scots.
After being comprehensively defeated on the meadows outside the city by the Parliamentary army, the 21-year-old king found himself the subject of a national manhunt, with a huge sum offered for his capture.
课上还拿现代政治打了个比方记 "in return for" 这个结构:板书在旁边写了 美国 特朗普 / 改信穆斯林 / 伊朗,并注 in return for 作为回报 / 做伊朗的总统 —— 意思是"用 A 换 B"这个结构,放在哪儿都一样。
📖 词汇与表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 搭配 / 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| population | 人口 | London's population grew at an astonishing rate |
| suburbs | 郊区 | newly constructed suburbs |
| businessmen | 商人 | gained support amongst some businessmen |
| funding | 资金 | have difficulty in raising the funding |
| press | 新闻界 | critical articles printed by the press |
| soil | 土 | a two-metre-deep layer of soil |
| horse-drawn vehicles | 马车 | The streets were full of horse-drawn vehicles |
| congested | 拥堵 | the central area became increasingly congested |
| solicitor | 事务律师 | Charles Pearson, a solicitor |
| cut and cover | 明挖回填法 | the 'cut and cover' method |
| timber beams | 木梁 | the sides temporarily held up with timber beams |
| brick arch | 砖拱 | a brick arch was added to create a tunnel |
| ventilation shaft | 通风井 | even though ventilation shafts were added |
| locomotive | 机车 | steam locomotives / new electric locomotives |
| scepticism | 怀疑 | stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism |
| versatile | 多用途的 | how versatile stadiums can be |
| fortress | 堡垒 | it became a fortress with four towers |
| bullfights | 斗牛 | the staging of bullfights |
| acoustics | 声场、音响效果 | thanks to its outstanding acoustics |
| salt depot | 盐库 | variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison |
| suburban | 郊区的 | situated in suburban areas |
| urban heat | 城市热(效应) | contribute to urban heat |
| photovoltaic panels | 光伏板 | a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels |
| carbon dioxide emissions | 二氧化碳排放 | the annual output of CO₂ emissions |
| Presbyterianism | 长老会教义 | accepting Presbyterianism as the national religion |
| in return for | 作为回报 | in return for being crowned King of Scots |
| restoration | 复位、重新加冕 | after his restoration as king |
| fugitive | 逃亡者 | the fugitives' doings |
| manhunt | 搜捕 | the subject of a national manhunt |
| assume disguises | 伪装 | to assume disguises |
| subterfuge | 诡计 | use trickery and subterfuge |
| unbiased / even-handed | 不偏不倚 | 39 题的同义替换 |
| doesn't quite hit the mark | 差一点没说到点上 | 40 题考的就是它 |
⚠️ 提醒 / 易错
1. 时间花在哪儿,错就出在哪儿。 三篇 11:25 / 15:00 / 18:00,第三篇用时最长、错 3 个 —— 5 个错里有 3 个在最后一篇。前两篇的节奏(5 分半 + 90 秒读完 6 段、1 分钟做题)要挪用到第三篇上,别让最后一篇吃掉全部余量。
2. 判断题只要"原文没说"就是 NG,不要自己补。 8 题原文只给了数字(almost 40,000 passengers、about 18 minutes),没有一个字和"预测"比;13 题原文只说很受欢迎、不断加线路,也没提准点率。看到题干里有比较(more ... than)、态度、频率这类词,先回原文找有没有同样的比较。
3. 题干里的介词短语,常常就是考点。 10 题的 different from 被老师单独抄出来注成"不同于" —— 原文说的是 cut and cover 在市中心不是选项,只能往深里挖,所以"要换一种方法"这个说法成立。看到 from / in return for / rather than 这类结构,先划出来再做题。
4. 四选一的答案,往往就藏在一个形容词里。 39 题的 unbiased、even-handed,40 题的 doesn't quite hit the mark,都是原文里现成的说法,板书的做法是把它们和选项里的同义表达用箭头连起来。做四选一时,先回原文找出处句里那个"带态度的词",再去看选项谁在复述它。
5. 匹配题认"功能",不认"内容"。 体育场这一篇,板书在旁边记的全是用途:能做竞技场、有其他用、能做市场、新方法– 电(发电站)、多功能。段落信息匹配问"哪一段提到了 X",X 经常是这段里那个东西能拿来干什么。
6. 四种题型,四种找依据的位置。
| 题型 | 依据在哪 |
|---|---|
| 表格填空(1–6) | 细节句里的名词,常常是原词再现 |
| 判断题(7–13、32–35) | 原文到底有没有那句话 —— 比较、态度、频率这三类词最容易出 NG |
| 段落信息匹配(14–17) | 段落里那个东西的"用途"和"特点",不是段落大意 |
| 四选一(36–40) | 出处句里那个带态度的形容词,选项一定在复述它 |
7. 同一段原文会被反复出题。 第三篇里,判断题 32 问 Pepys、33 和 35 问查理二世本人的叙述,四选一的 36、37、38、39 分别点名第一、三、四、五段 —— 同一篇书评被翻来覆去问了四道题。读第三篇时,把"谁做了什么、作者怎么评价"随手标出来,比读得快更重要。
8. 这次的三条时间线要对照着看:Passage 1 用 11 分 25 秒、只错 1 个;Passage 2 用 15 分钟、错 1 个;Passage 3 用 18 分、错 3 个。前两篇一共花 26 分钟、拿下 26 道题,只错 2 个 —— 正确率是够的,问题出在第三篇的用时和心态。下次的目标就是把第三篇压回 15 分钟以内,把 8.0 换成 8.5。
